Exercise raises high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in men after consumption of ground beef with a high but not low monounsaturated fatty acid–saturated fatty acid ratio

• Published in: Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2016-09, Vol.36 (9), p.974-981
• Main Authors: Crouse, Stephen F., Green, John S., Meade, Thomas H., Smith, Dana R., Smith, Stephen B.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Blood lipids; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cholesterol - blood; Cholesterol, HDL - blood; Cholesterol, LDL - blood; Diet; Dietary Fats - administration & dosage; Dietary Fats - blood; Dietary Fats - pharmacology; Exercise - physiology; Fatty acids; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated - administration & dosage; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated - blood; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated - pharmacology; Ground beef; Heart disease; Humans; Lipoproteins - blood; Male; Middle Aged; Oxygen Consumption; Physical activity; Red Meat - analysis; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0271-5317; 1879-0739
• DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.06.013

Exercise and diets with higher monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA):saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratios are independently linked to improved blood lipid profiles, yet interactive effects in men have not been studied. We hypothesized that dietary ground beef with a high MUFA:SFA ratio (HR = 1.1) would augment the beneficial changes in the lipid profile induced by exercise compared to dietary ground beef with a lower MUFA:SFA ratio (LR = 0.71). Untrained men (n = 13, age = 35 ± 12 y, weight = 91.4 ± 14.2 kg, body mass index = 27.8 ± 3.3kg/m2) consumed 5 HR or LR 114 g ground beef patties weekly for 5 weeks (random order) interspersed with a 4-week self-selected (SS) washout diet. One session of exercise (70% VO2max, 1675 kJ) was completed at the end of HR and LR diets, and again after a 5-week SS diet. Diets and physical activity were otherwise not controlled. Fasting blood samples for lipid and lipoprotein analyses were obtained 30 min before and 24 h after exercise. Subjects reported no other changes in diets or physical activity patterns, and body weight and body mass index did not change over the study duration. Diet (3) × Exercise Time (2) repeated measures analysis of variance (α = .05) and follow-up analyses revealed that blood concentrations (mmol/L ± SD) of total cholesterol (5.07 ± 1.16 to 5.73 ± 1.36), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (1.19 ± 0.20 to 1.36 ± 0.29), HDL2-C (0.24 ± 0.08 to 0.28 ± 0.11), HDL3-C (0.94 ± 0.14 to 1.08 ± 0.20), and non-HDL-C (3.88 ± 1.24 to 4.37 ± 1.38) were significantly elevated with exercise after the HR beef diet, but not after LR and SS diets. Thus, in healthy, untrained men the dietary beef MUFA:SFA ratio affects the blood lipid response to a single session of aerobic exercise.