Sources of geomagnetic storms for solar minimum and maximum conditions during 1972-2000

We determine the solar wind structures (coronal mass ejection (CME)‐related, corotating high‐speed streams, and slow solar wind) driving geomagnetic storms of various strength over nearly three solar cycles (1972–2000). The most intense storms (defined by Kp) at both solar minimum and solar maximum...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Geophysical research letters 2001-07, Vol.28 (13), p.2569-2572
Main Authors: Richardson, I. G., Cliver, E. W., Cane, H. V.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Earth, ocean, space
Exact sciences and technology
External geophysics
Interaction between magnetosphere and interplanetary space
Magnetic storms, substorms
Physics of the magnetosphere
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Summary:We determine the solar wind structures (coronal mass ejection (CME)‐related, corotating high‐speed streams, and slow solar wind) driving geomagnetic storms of various strength over nearly three solar cycles (1972–2000). The most intense storms (defined by Kp) at both solar minimum and solar maximum are almost all (∼97%) generated by transient structures associated with CMEs. Weaker storms are preferentially associated with streams at solar minimum and with CMEs at solar maximum, reflecting the change in the structure of the solar wind between these phases of the solar cycle. Slow solar wind generates a small fraction of the weaker storms at solar minimum and maximum. We also determine the size distributions of Kp for each solar wind component.
ISSN:0094-8276
1944-8007
DOI:10.1029/2001GL013052