Current Concepts in the Management of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome

In developing countries, meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among neonates. The concepts of pathophysiology and management of meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) and meconium aspiration syndrome have undergone tremendous change in recent years. Rou...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Indian journal of pediatrics 2016-10, Vol.83 (10), p.1125-1130
Main Authors: Chettri, Subhash, Bhat, B. Vishnu, Adhisivam, B.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Gynecology
Humans
Infant, Newborn
Meconium
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome - therapy
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Pediatrics
Pulmonary Surfactants
Respiration, Artificial
Review Article
Suction
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Summary:In developing countries, meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among neonates. The concepts of pathophysiology and management of meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) and meconium aspiration syndrome have undergone tremendous change in recent years. Routine intranatal and postnatal endotracheal suctioning of meconium in vigorous infants is no longer recommended. Recent studies have challenged its role even in non-vigorous infants. Supportive therapy like oxygen supplementation, mechanical ventilation and intravenous fluids are the cornerstone in the management of meconium aspiration syndrome. Availability of surfactant, inhaled nitric oxide, high frequency ventilators and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has made it possible to salvage more infants with meconium aspiration syndrome. In this review the authors have discussed the current concepts in the pathophysiology and management of MAS. Drugs in trials and future therapeutic targets are also discussed briefly.
ISSN:0019-5456
0973-7693
DOI:10.1007/s12098-016-2128-9