Laboratory Analysis of Remotely Collected Oral Fluid Specimens for Opiates by Immunoassay

The performance characteristics of a method for detecting opiates (morphine, codeine, heroin, and 6-acetylmorphine [6-AM]) in oral fluid specimens were examined and compared with methods for urine specimens. The oral fluid was easily obtained using a simple device that collects between 1 and 1.5 mL...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of analytical toxicology 2001-07, Vol.25 (5), p.310-315
Main Authors: Niedbala, R. Sam, Kardos, Keith, Waga, Joseph, Fritch, Dean, Yeager, Lisa, Doddamane, Santosh, Schoener, Eugene
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biological and medical sciences
Codeine - analysis
Codeine - immunology
Cross Reactions
Drug addictions
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Heroin - analysis
Heroin - immunology
Humans
Immunoenzyme Techniques
Medical sciences
Morphine - analysis
Morphine - immunology
Morphine Derivatives - analysis
Morphine Derivatives - immunology
Narcotics - analysis
Narcotics - immunology
Opioid-Related Disorders - blood
Opioid-Related Disorders - diagnosis
Opioid-Related Disorders - urine
Papaver - immunology
Reproducibility of Results
Saliva - chemistry
Seeds - immunology
Sensitivity and Specificity
Structure-Activity Relationship
Substance Abuse Detection - instrumentation
Substance Abuse Detection - methods
Toxicology
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Summary:The performance characteristics of a method for detecting opiates (morphine, codeine, heroin, and 6-acetylmorphine [6-AM]) in oral fluid specimens were examined and compared with methods for urine specimens. The oral fluid was easily obtained using a simple device that collects between 1 and 1.5 mL of fluid for laboratory analysis. Simultaneously collected specimens from 60 known opiate abusers from a drug-treatment center were first tested using an immunoassay cutoff of 10 ng/mL in oral fluids and 2000 ng/mL in urine. Using a second aliquot, opiate confirmation in urine was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and in oral fluids by GC-MS-MS. The combined immunoassay and GC-MS-MS procedures were completed with less than 250 µL of oral fluid. Opiates identified in oral fluid specimens from heroin users included morphine, codeine, heroin, and 6-AM. The immunoassay was tested for precision, stability, and the effects of potential cross-reactants. The results yielded 93.6% agreement between oral fluid and urine, suggesting that oral fluid may be a reliable matrix for opiate detection.
ISSN:0146-4760
1945-2403
DOI:10.1093/jat/25.5.310