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Deposition temperature induced conduction band changes in zinc tin oxide buffer layers for Cu(In,Ga)Se sub(2) solar cells

Thin film Cu(In,Ga)Se sub(2) solar cells with ALD-deposited Zn sub(1-x)Sn sub(x)O sub(y) buffer layers are fabricated and the solar cell properties are investigated for varying ALD deposition temperatures in the range from 90 degree C up to 180 degree C. It is found that a process window exists betw...

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Published in:	Solar energy materials and solar cells 2016-01, Vol.144, p.684-690
Main Authors:	Lindahl, Johan, Keller, Jan, Donzel-Gargand, Olivier, Szaniawski, Piotr, Edoff, Marika, Torndahl, Tobias
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Subjects:	Buffer layers Conduction band Crystallites Deposition Mathematical models Photovoltaic cells Solar cells Zinc
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creator	Lindahl, Johan Keller, Jan Donzel-Gargand, Olivier Szaniawski, Piotr Edoff, Marika Torndahl, Tobias
description	Thin film Cu(In,Ga)Se sub(2) solar cells with ALD-deposited Zn sub(1-x)Sn sub(x)O sub(y) buffer layers are fabricated and the solar cell properties are investigated for varying ALD deposition temperatures in the range from 90 degree C up to 180 degree C. It is found that a process window exists between 105 degree C and 135 degree C, where high solar cell efficiency can be achieved. At lower ALD deposition temperatures the solar cell performance is mainly limited by low fill factor and at higher temperatures by low open circuit voltage. Numerical simulations and electrical characterization are used to relate the changes in solar cell performance as a function of ALD deposition temperature to changes in the conduction band energy level of the Zn sub(1-x)Sn sub(x)O sub(y) buffer layer. The Zn sub(1-x)Sn sub(x)O sub(y) films contain small ZnO or ZnO(Sn) crystallites (
doi_str_mv	10.1016/j.solmat.2015.09.048
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It is found that a process window exists between 105 degree C and 135 degree C, where high solar cell efficiency can be achieved. At lower ALD deposition temperatures the solar cell performance is mainly limited by low fill factor and at higher temperatures by low open circuit voltage. Numerical simulations and electrical characterization are used to relate the changes in solar cell performance as a function of ALD deposition temperature to changes in the conduction band energy level of the Zn sub(1-x)Sn sub(x)O sub(y) buffer layer. The Zn sub(1-x)Sn sub(x)O sub(y) films contain small ZnO or ZnO(Sn) crystallites (<10 nm), which may lead to quantum confinement effects influencing the optical band gap of the buffer layer. 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subjects	Buffer layers Conduction band Crystallites Deposition Mathematical models Photovoltaic cells Solar cells Zinc
title	Deposition temperature induced conduction band changes in zinc tin oxide buffer layers for Cu(In,Ga)Se sub(2) solar cells
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