Dynamic gauge adjustment of high-resolution X-band radar data for convective rain storms: Model-based evaluation against measured combined sewer overflow

• Published in: Journal of hydrology (Amsterdam) 2016-08, Vol.539, p.687-699
• Main Authors: Borup, Morten, Grum, Morten, Linde, Jens Jørgen, Mikkelsen, Peter Steen
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adjustment; Combined sewer overflow; Distributed hydraulic model; Dynamic adjustment; Estimates; Gages; Gauges; Radar; Radar data; Rain; Rainfall; Stormwater; X-band
• ISSN: 0022-1694; 1879-2707
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.05.002

•Radar rainfall estimates are adjusted each minute using raingauge data.•Rainfall estimates evaluated using hydraulic model and sewer overflow observations.•The hydraulic model is built entirely from physical data without calibration.•Adjusted radar rainfall estimates suitable for quantitative overflow assessment.•Adjustment works best when based on very short time period (10–20min). Numerous studies have shown that radar rainfall estimates need to be adjusted against rain gauge measurements in order to be useful for hydrological modelling. In the current study we investigate if adjustment can improve radar rainfall estimates to the point where they can be used for modelling overflows from urban drainage systems, and we furthermore investigate the importance of the aggregation period of the adjustment scheme. This is done by continuously adjusting X-band radar data based on the previous 5–30min of rain data recorded by multiple rain gauges and propagating the rainfall estimates through a hydraulic urban drainage model. The model is built entirely from physical data, without any calibration, to avoid bias towards any specific type of rainfall estimate. The performance is assessed by comparing measured and modelled water levels at a weir downstream of a highly impermeable, well defined, 64ha urban catchment, for nine overflow generating rain events. The dynamically adjusted radar data perform best when the aggregation period is as small as 10–20min, in which case it performs much better than static adjusted radar data and data from rain gauges situated 2–3km away.