Drought prediction using a wavelet based approach to model the temporal consequences of different types of droughts

• Published in: Journal of hydrology (Amsterdam) 2016-08, Vol.539, p.417-428
• Main Authors: Maity, Rajib, Suman, Mayank, Verma, Nitesh Kumar
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Basins; Calibration; Decomposition; Drought prediction; Droughts; Hydrology; Mathematical models; Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI); Standardized Soil Moisture Index (SSMI); Standardized Stream Flow Index (SSFI); Topography; Wavelet; Wavelet Transform (WT)
• ISSN: 0022-1694; 1879-2707
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.05.042

•Drought prediction models are developed using a wavelet based approach.•Temporal propagation of droughts from one type to another is modeled.•Prediction of drought is attempted by separating slow and fast moving components.•Proposed approach is desirable in a changing characteristics of watershed and climate. Droughts are expected to propagate from one type to another – meteorological to agricultural to hydrological to socio-economic. However, they do not possess a universal, straightforward temporal dependence. Rather, assessment of one type of drought (successor) from another (predecessor) is a complex problem depending on the basin’s physiographic and climatic characteristics, such as, spatial extent, topography, land use, land cover and climate regime. In this paper, a wavelet decomposition based approach is proposed to model the temporal dependence between different types of droughts. The idea behind is to separate the rapidly and slowly moving components of drought indices. It is shown that the temporal dependence of predecessor (say meteorological drought) on the successor (say hydrological drought) can be better captured at its constituting components level. Such components are obtained through wavelet decomposition retaining its temporal correspondence. Thus, in the proposed approach, predictand drought index is predicted using the decomposed components of predecessor drought. Several alternative models are investigated to arrive at the best possible model structure for predicting different types of drought. The proposed approach is found to be very useful for foreseeing the agricultural or hydrological droughts knowing the meteorological drought status, offering the scope for better management of drought consequences. The mathematical framework of the proposed approach is general in nature and can be applied to different basins. However, the limitation is the requirement of region/catchment specific calibration of some parameters before using the proposed model, which is not very difficult and uncommon though.