A study to model the post-mortem stability of 4-MMC, MDMA and BZP in putrefying remains

Highlights • Stabilities of 4-MMC, MDMA and BZP in putrefying samples were investigated. • 4-MMC and BZP were found to degrade in putrefying matrices. • MDMA was found to be stable to moderately stable in putrefying matrices. • Higher temperatures accelerated the degradation of all three drugs. • Pu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Forensic science international 2016-08, Vol.265, p.54-60
Main Authors: Wenholz, Daniel S, Luong, Susan, Philp, Morgan, Forbes, Shari L, Stuart, Barbara H, Drummer, Olaf H, Fu, Shanlin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine
4-methylmethcathinone
Animals
Decomposition
Drugs
Forensic Pathology
Forensic science
Forensic sciences
Gas chromatography
Human remains
Liver
Mass spectrometry
Methamphetamine
Methamphetamine - analogs & derivatives
Methamphetamine - analysis
Methods
Models, Animal
N-benzylpiperazine
N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine - analysis
Pathology
Piperazines - analysis
Postmortem Changes
Putrefactive degradation
Recovery
Reproducibility of Results
Stability
Stimulants
Street Drugs - analysis
Substance Abuse Detection - methods
Swine
Temperature
Toxicology
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Summary:Highlights • Stabilities of 4-MMC, MDMA and BZP in putrefying samples were investigated. • 4-MMC and BZP were found to degrade in putrefying matrices. • MDMA was found to be stable to moderately stable in putrefying matrices. • Higher temperatures accelerated the degradation of all three drugs. • Putrefaction may cause a significant loss of 4-MMC in post-mortem specimens.
ISSN:0379-0738
1872-6283
DOI:10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.006