Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni in cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis ) and eradication regimens

• Published in: Journal of microbiology, immunology and infection immunology and infection, 2017-02, Vol.50 (1), p.75-82
• Main Authors: Koga, Tetsufumi, Aoki, Wataru, Mizuno, Takashi, Wakazono, Kuniko, Ohno, Junki, Nakai, Tsunehiro, Nomiya, Takao, Fujii, Miki, Fusegawa, Keiichi, Kinoshita, Kazuya, Hamada, Takakazu, Ikeda, Yoshinori
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use; antimicrobial resistance; Campylobacter coli - drug effects; Campylobacter coli - isolation & purification; Campylobacter Infections - drug therapy; Campylobacter Infections - microbiology; Campylobacter Infections - veterinary; Campylobacter jejuni - drug effects; Campylobacter jejuni - isolation & purification; Campylobacter spp. cynomolgus monkey; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; eradication; Female; Infectious Disease; Macaca fascicularis; Male; Medical Education; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Primate Diseases - drug therapy; Primate Diseases - microbiology; Treatment Outcome
• ISSN: 1684-1182; 1995-9133
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2014.12.006

Background Campylobacter spp. are zoonotic pathogens, however, knowledge about their presence and antimicrobial resistance in nonhuman primates is limited. Our animal facility purchased cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis ) from various Asian countries: China, Cambodia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam. Methods Colonization by Campylobacter spp. was investigated in 238 of the monkeys from 2009 to 2012 and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out for these isolates. Furthermore, we eradicated these pathogens from these monkeys. Results Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 47 monkeys from three specific countries: China, Cambodia, and Indonesia, with respective isolation rates of 15%, 36%, and 67%. Two monkeys, which were each infected with Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli , showed clinical symptoms of diarrhea and bloody feces. In total, 41 isolates of C. coli and 17 isolates of C. jejuni were detected. Antimicrobial susceptibility varied: in the monkeys from China, erythromycin (ERY)-, tetracycline (TET)-, and ciprofloxacin-resistant C. coli , in the monkeys from Cambodia, amoxicillin-intermediate, TET- and ciprofloxacin-resistant C. coli and amoxicillin- and ciprofloxacin-resistant C. jejuni , and in the monkeys from Indonesia, ciprofloxacin-resistant C. coli and TET- and ciprofloxacin-resistant C. jejuni were common (>75%). Multiresistant isolates of C. coli were found in monkeys from all countries and multiresistant isolates of C. jejuni were found in monkeys from Indonesia. The eradication rate with azithromycin was comparable to that with gentamicin (GEN) by oral administration, and was higher than those with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC) and chloramphenicol (CHL). Conclusion From the perspective of zoonosis, we should acknowledge multiresistant Campylobacter spp. isolated from the monkeys as a serious warning.