Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its risk factors in urban communities of north Sudan: Population-based study

• Published in: Journal of diabetes 2016-11, Vol.8 (6), p.839-846
• Main Authors: Elmadhoun, Wadie M., Noor, Sufian K., Ibrahim, Abd Alaziz A., Bushara, Sarra O., Ahmed, Mohamed H.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anthropometry; Blood Glucose; Cross-Sectional Studies; diabetes mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus - epidemiology; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; obesity; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Sudan; Sudan - epidemiology; Urban Population; Young Adult; 糖尿病; 肥胖; 苏丹
• ISSN: 1753-0393; 1753-0407
• DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12364

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health problem in Africa and worldwide. The prevalence of diabetes is expected to increase at alarming rate in Africa. Its estimated that around 20 million Africans are now living with diabetes, comprising a challenge for health systems at present and in the future. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of undiagnosed and diagnosed DM and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in adult urban communities of the River Nile State (RNS), north Sudan. Methods The present study was a cross‐sectional community‐based study in which participants were randomly selected from the four main cities of the RNS, on a house‐to‐house basis. Blood glucose was tested and all participants completed a questionnaire to obtain demographic, clinical and social data. Blood pressure and anthropometric measures were also recorded. Results In all, 954 adults (518 females; 54.3%; mean [±SD] age 39.5 ± 16.7 years; range 18–90 years) participated in the survey. The overall prevalence of DM was 19.1% (182/954), whereas that of IGT was 9.5% (91/954). Among the diabetic group, 125 (68.7%) had known diabetes, whereas 57 (31.3%) were newly diagnosed during the study. Increasing age, a family history of diabetes, central obesity, abnormal body mass index, and hypertension were significant risk factors for DM. Conclusions There is high prevalence of DM and glucose intolerance in the urban population of the RNS. Screening for diabetes in individuals with any feature of metabolic syndrome is recommended. 摘要 背景: 在非洲以及全世界范围内糖尿病都是一个主要的健康问题。预计非洲的糖尿病患病率将会以极高的速率在不断升高。据估计目前有2千万非洲人患糖尿病,这对于目前以及将来的卫生系统来说都是一个挑战。当前这项研究的目的是在北苏丹尼罗河州(River Nile State,RNS)城市社区成年人群中调查未诊断与已诊断的糖尿病以及葡萄糖耐量受损的患病率。 方法: 当前这项研究是一项基于社区的横断面研究,挨家挨户地从RNS中的4个主要城市里随机选择参与者。所有的参与者都要检测血糖并且完成一项问卷以获得他们的人口统计学、临床以及社会学数据。还记录了血压以及人体测量学数据。 结果: 总共有954名成年人(518名女性;54.3%;平均年龄[±SD]为39.5±16.7岁;范围为18‐90岁)参与了这项调查。总的糖尿病患病率为19.1%(182/954),而葡萄糖耐量受损的患病率为9.5%(91/954)。在糖尿病组中,有125名(68.7%)为已知糖尿病,有57名(31.3%)为研究期间新诊断的糖尿病。年龄增加、糖尿病家族史、中心性肥胖、异常体重指数以及高血压都是显著的糖尿病危险因素。 结论: 在RNS城市人群中糖尿病以及葡萄糖耐量受损的患病率都很高。推荐具有任何一种代谢综合征特征的个体进行糖尿病筛查。