Mechanisms of resistance to linalool in Salmonella Senftenberg and their role in survival on basil

Summary Fresh produce contaminated with human pathogens raises vital and ecological questions about bacterial survival strategies. Such occurrence was basil harboring Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg that caused an outbreak in 2007. This host was unanticipated due to its production of antibac...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental microbiology 2016-11, Vol.18 (11), p.3673-3688
Main Authors: Kalily, Emmanuel, Hollander, Amit, Korin, Ben, Cymerman, Itamar, Yaron, Sima
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
Humans
Microbial Viability - drug effects
Monoterpenes - metabolism
Monoterpenes - pharmacology
Motility
Ocimum basilicum - chemistry
Ocimum basilicum - metabolism
Ocimum basilicum - microbiology
Pathogens
Permeability
Plant Diseases - microbiology
Plant Leaves - chemistry
Plant Leaves - metabolism
Plant Leaves - microbiology
Salmonella
Salmonella enterica - drug effects
Salmonella enterica - growth & development
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Summary:Summary Fresh produce contaminated with human pathogens raises vital and ecological questions about bacterial survival strategies. Such occurrence was basil harboring Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg that caused an outbreak in 2007. This host was unanticipated due to its production of antibacterial substances, including linalool. We show that linalool perforates bacterial membranes, resulting in increased permeability and leakage of vital molecules. It also inhibits cell motility and causes bacterial aggregation. Linalool‐resistance was investigated by identification and characterization of S. Senftenberg mutants that perform altered resistance. Resistance mechanisms include selective permeability, regulated efflux/influx and chemotaxis‐controlled motility. Moreover, survival of S. Senftenberg on basil leaves was substantially affected by McpL, a putative chemotaxis‐related receptor, and RfaG, a component of the lipopolysaccharide production pathway, both have a role in resistance to linalool. Results reveal that adaptation to linalool occurs in nature by concurrent mechanisms. This adaption raises concerns about pathogens adaptation to new hosts including antimicrobial‐compound‐producing plants.
ISSN:1462-2912
1462-2920
DOI:10.1111/1462-2920.13268