The importance of DNA methylation in prostate cancer development

•Many DNA methylation changes are observed between benign and cancerous prostate tissue.•DNA methylation changes are frequently early and recurrent, suggesting a functional role.•Androgen-driven metabolic processes in the prostate impinge on DNA methylation.•Prostate cancer cell lines offer a good m...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 2017-02, Vol.166, p.1-15
Main Authors: Massie, Charles E., Mills, Ian G., Lynch, Andy G.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Androgen receptors
Biomarkers
Biomarkers, Tumor - metabolism
CpG Islands
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA Methylation
Epigenesis, Genetic
Epigenetic
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Genome, Human
Humans
Male
Metabolism
Methylation
Mitochondria
Mitochondria - metabolism
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Prostate cancer
Prostatic Neoplasms - genetics
Prostatic Neoplasms - metabolism
Receptors, Androgen - genetics
Tumor cell lines
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Summary:•Many DNA methylation changes are observed between benign and cancerous prostate tissue.•DNA methylation changes are frequently early and recurrent, suggesting a functional role.•Androgen-driven metabolic processes in the prostate impinge on DNA methylation.•Prostate cancer cell lines offer a good model for some methylation changes, but not all.•Clinical/genomic associations have been reported, but multi-region sampling studies are needed. After briefly reviewing the nature of DNA methylation, its general role in cancer and the tools available to interrogate it, we consider the literature surrounding DNA methylation as relating to prostate cancer. Specific consideration is given to recurrent alterations. A list of frequently reported genes is synthesized from 17 studies that have reported on methylation changes in malignant prostate tissue, and we chart the timing of those changes in the diseases history through amalgamation of several previously published data sets. We also review associations with genetic alterations and hormone signalling, before the practicalities of investigating prostate cancer methylation using cell lines are assessed. We conclude by outlining the interplay between DNA methylation and prostate cancer metabolism and their regulation by androgen receptor, with a specific discussion of the mitochondria and their associations with DNA methylation.
ISSN:0960-0760
1879-1220
DOI:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.04.009