Lysosomal cathepsins and their regulation in aging and neurodegeneration

Abstract Lysosomes and lysosomal hydrolases, including the cathepsins, have been shown to change their properties with aging brain a long time ago, although their function was not really understood. The first biochemical and clinical studies were followed by a major expansion in the last 20 years wi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Ageing research reviews 2016-12, Vol.32, p.22-37
Main Authors: Stoka, Veronika, Turk, Vito, Turk, Boris
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aging - physiology
Animals
Autophagy - physiology
Brain - pathology
Brain - physiology
Brain - physiopathology
Cathepsins - metabolism
Humans
Internal Medicine
Lysosomes - enzymology
Neurology
Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses - metabolism
Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses - physiopathology
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Summary:Abstract Lysosomes and lysosomal hydrolases, including the cathepsins, have been shown to change their properties with aging brain a long time ago, although their function was not really understood. The first biochemical and clinical studies were followed by a major expansion in the last 20 years with the development of animal disease models and new approaches leading to a major advancement of understanding of the role of physiological and degenerative processes in the brain at the molecular level. This includes the understanding of the major role of autophagy and the cathepsins in a number of diseases, including its critical role in the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Similarly, cathepsins and some other lysosomal proteases were shown to have important roles in processing and/or degradation of several important neuronal proteins, thereby having either neuroprotective or harmful roles. In this review, we discuss lysosomal cathepsins and their regulation with the focus on cysteine cathepsins and their endogenous inhibitors, as well as their role in several neurodegenerative diseases.
ISSN:1568-1637
1872-9649
DOI:10.1016/j.arr.2016.04.010