Lymphoid hyperplasia of the orbit and ocular adnexa: A clinical ​pathologic review

Lymphoid hyperplasia (LH) is a benign lymphoproliferative disorder that, in a minority of cases, may be associated with concurrent or metachronous non-Hodgkin lymphoma. LH cases are further subdivided into “reactive” and “atypical” categories based on the presence or absence of unequivocal malignant...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Survey of ophthalmology 2016-11, Vol.61 (6), p.778-790
Main Authors: Andrew, Nicholas H., Coupland, Sarah E., Pirbhai, Adnan, Selva, Dinesh
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biopsy
Conjunctival Neoplasms - diagnosis
Diagnosis, Differential
Diagnostic Techniques, Otological
Eyelid Neoplasms - diagnosis
Humans
Immunohistochemistry
lymphoid hyperplasia
lymphoproliferative
orbital neoplasm
Orbital Neoplasms - diagnosis
Prognosis
pseudolymphoma
Pseudolymphoma - diagnosis
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Lymphoid hyperplasia (LH) is a benign lymphoproliferative disorder that, in a minority of cases, may be associated with concurrent or metachronous non-Hodgkin lymphoma. LH cases are further subdivided into “reactive” and “atypical” categories based on the presence or absence of unequivocal malignant features. With improving molecular diagnostic technologies, “reactive” LH is by far the most common category of LH, with atypical LH accounting for only a small minority of specimens. Similarly, lesions previously diagnosed as LH are now being revised as low-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma or diagnosed as newly described benign conditions such as IgG4-related disease. Additional differential diagnoses include specific and nonspecific orbital inflammations, infiltrative processes, and depositions. Hence, there are emerging changes in the patterns and proportions of entities that fall within the spectrum of lymphoproliferative disorders of the orbit and ocular adnexa. Reactive LH and low-grade malignant lymphoproliferative disorders in the orbit and ocular adnexa are clinically and radiologically indistinguishable from each other, requiring tissue biopsy in all cases. The prognosis of ocular adnexal LH is generally favorable, but the small risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma mandates follow-up for at least 5 years. We summarize the current state of knowledge on LH occurring in the orbit and ocular adnexa.
ISSN:0039-6257
1879-3304
DOI:10.1016/j.survophthal.2016.04.004