The etiology of social anxiety disorder: An evidence-based model

The current paper presents an update to the model of social anxiety disorder (social phobia) published by Rapee and Spence (2004). It evaluates the research over the intervening 11 years and advances the original model in response to the empirical evidence. We review the recent literature regarding...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Behaviour research and therapy 2016-11, Vol.86, p.50-67
Main Authors: Spence, Susan H., Rapee, Ronald M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anxiety
Anxiety disorders
Cognition
Cognition & reasoning
Cognitive ability
Etiology
Evidence based
Genetic factors
Humans
Intervention
Life events
Literature reviews
Models, Psychological
Parents & parenting
Peer relationships
Phobia, Social - etiology
Social anxiety
Social Behavior
Temperament
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Summary:The current paper presents an update to the model of social anxiety disorder (social phobia) published by Rapee and Spence (2004). It evaluates the research over the intervening 11 years and advances the original model in response to the empirical evidence. We review the recent literature regarding the impact of genetic and biological influences, temperament, cognitive factors, peer relationships, parenting, adverse life events and cultural variables upon the development of SAD. The paper draws together recent literature demonstrating the complex interplay between these variables, and highlights the many etiological pathways. While acknowledging the considerable progress in the empirical literature, the significant gaps in knowledge are noted, particularly the need for further longitudinal research to clarify causal pathways, and moderating and mediating effects. The resulting model will be valuable in informing the design of more effective treatment and preventive interventions for SAD and will provide a useful platform to guide future research directions. •The past decade has produced exciting research relating to the development of social anxiety disorder.•This paper updates the model of social anxiety disorder (social phobia) published by Rapee and Spence (2004).•The evidence reveals a complex interplay between individual and environmental factors in the development of SAD.•The model informs the prevention and treatment of SAD and provides guidance for future research directions.
ISSN:0005-7967
1873-622X
DOI:10.1016/j.brat.2016.06.007