Disease types discovery from a large database of inpatient records: A sepsis study

Data-driven phenotype discoveries on Electronic Health Records (EHR) data have recently drawn benefits across many aspects of clinical practice. In the method described in this paper, we map a very large EHR database containing more than a million inpatient cases into a low dimensional space where d...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Methods (San Diego, Calif.) Calif.), 2016-12, Vol.111, p.45-55
Main Authors: Gligorijevic, Djordje, Stojanovic, Jelena, Obradovic, Zoran
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algorithms
Databases, Factual
Discovery of disease types
EHR databases
Electronic Health Records
Humans
Inpatients
Medical Informatics - methods
Neural embedding models
Phenotyping
Precision Medicine
Sepsis
Sepsis - epidemiology
Sepsis - physiopathology
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Summary:Data-driven phenotype discoveries on Electronic Health Records (EHR) data have recently drawn benefits across many aspects of clinical practice. In the method described in this paper, we map a very large EHR database containing more than a million inpatient cases into a low dimensional space where diseases with similar phenotypes have similar representation. This embedding allows for an effective segmentation of diseases into more homogeneous categories, an important task of discovering disease types for precision medicine. In particular, many diseases have heterogeneous nature. For instance, sepsis, a systemic and progressive inflammation, can be caused by many factors, and can have multiple manifestations on different human organs. Understanding such heterogeneity of the disease can help in addressing many important issues regarding sepsis, including early diagnosis and treatment, which is of huge importance as sepsis is one of the main causes of in-hospital deaths in the United States. This study analyzes state of the art embedding models that have had huge success in various fields, applying them to disease embedding from EHR databases. Particular interest is given to learning multi-type representation of heterogeneous diseases, which leads to more homogeneous groups. Our results show evidence that such representations have phenotypes of higher quality and also provide benefit when predicting mortality of inpatient visits.
ISSN:1046-2023
1095-9130
DOI:10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.07.021