Pathophysiological relevance of the CD14 receptor in surgical patients: biological activity of endotoxin is regulated by the CD14 receptor

Endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides, LPSs) are potent bacterial poisons, and they are always present in the intestine in considerable numbers. Stress, such that as a resulting from multiple injuries, burns, hypovolemia, hypoxia, intestinal ischemia, and surgery can lead to a breakdown of the gut barrier...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of endotoxin research 2001-01, Vol.7 (6), p.461-466
Main Authors: Hiki, Naoki, Mimura, Yoshikazu, Ogawa, Toshihisa, Kojima, Junichi, Hatao, Fumihiko, Kaminishi, Michio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology
Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic - chemistry
Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic - physiology
CD14 antigen
Endotoxemia - etiology
Endotoxemia - immunology
Glycosylphosphatidylinositols - physiology
Humans
Limulus Test
Lipopolysaccharide Receptors - physiology
lipopolysaccharides
Lipopolysaccharides - pharmacology
Models, Immunological
Polymyxin B - pharmacology
Postoperative Complications
Salmonella - immunology
Shock, Septic - etiology
Shock, Septic - immunology
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - analysis
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - secretion
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Summary:Endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides, LPSs) are potent bacterial poisons, and they are always present in the intestine in considerable numbers. Stress, such that as a resulting from multiple injuries, burns, hypovolemia, hypoxia, intestinal ischemia, and surgery can lead to a breakdown of the gut barrier, allowing endotoxins to enter the systemic circulation via translocation. However, estimating the biological activity of translocated circulating endotoxins and identification of the mechanisms regulating their biological activities remain complex problems. CD14 has been found to exist as a soluble protein in the serum and as a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein of myeloid lineage cells. It plays key roles in both LPS-induced activation and in LPS internalization by cells. In this article, we outline: (i) the biological activity of circulating endotoxin; and (ii) the role of membrane and/or soluble CD14 regulating the bioactivity of circulating endotoxin in a human model of postoperative endotoxemia.
ISSN:0968-0519
DOI:10.1177/09680519010070060101