In vitro antiviral activity of the anthraquinone chrysophanic acid against poliovirus

Chrysophanic acid (1,8-dihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone), isolated from the Australian Aboriginal medicinal plant Dianella longifolia, has been found to inhibit the replication of poliovirus types 2 and 3 ( Picornaviridae) in vitro. The compound inhibited poliovirus-induced cytopathic effects in BGM...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Antiviral research 2001-03, Vol.49 (3), p.169-178
Main Authors: Semple, Susan J, Pyke, Simon M, Reynolds, Geoffrey D, Flower, Robert L.P
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
1,8-Dihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone
Animals
Anthraquinone
Anthraquinones - pharmacology
Antibiotics. Antiinfectious agents. Antiparasitic agents
Antiviral agents
Antiviral Agents - pharmacology
Biological and medical sciences
Cells, Cultured
Cercopithecus aethiops
Chrysophanic acid
Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral - drug effects
Dianella longifolia
Humans
Medical sciences
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
Picornaviridae
Plant Extracts - pharmacology
Plants, Medicinal - chemistry
Poliomyelitis - drug therapy
Poliomyelitis - virology
Poliovirus
Poliovirus - drug effects
Poliovirus - physiology
Vero Cells
Virus Activation - drug effects
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Summary:Chrysophanic acid (1,8-dihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone), isolated from the Australian Aboriginal medicinal plant Dianella longifolia, has been found to inhibit the replication of poliovirus types 2 and 3 ( Picornaviridae) in vitro. The compound inhibited poliovirus-induced cytopathic effects in BGM (Buffalo green monkey) kidney cells at a 50% effective concentration of 0.21 and 0.02 μg/ml for poliovirus types 2 and 3, respectively. The compound inhibited an early stage in the viral replication cycle, but did not have an irreversible virucidal effect on poliovirus particles. Chrysophanic acid did not have significant antiviral activity against five other viruses tested: Coxsackievirus types A21 and B4, human rhinovirus type 2 ( Picornaviridae), and the enveloped viruses Ross River virus ( Togaviridae) and herpes simplex virus type 1 ( Herpesviridae). Four structurally-related anthraquinones — rhein, 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone, emodin and aloe-emodin were also tested for activity against poliovirus type 3. None of the four compounds was as active as chrysophanic acid against the virus. The results suggested that two hydrophobic positions on the chrysophanic acid molecule (C-6 and the methyl group attached to C-3) were important for the compound's activity against poliovirus.
ISSN:0166-3542
1872-9096
DOI:10.1016/S0166-3542(01)00125-5