Effects of In-country and Cross-Border Mobility on Condom Use Among Transgender Women (hijras) in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study

In Bangladesh transgender women (hijras) are thought to be highly mobile that may be an impediment to condom use. This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the extent of mobility of hijras, in-country and cross-border, and whether mobility affects condom use in anal intercourse. Hijras ≥...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:AIDS and behavior 2016-10, Vol.20 (10), p.2165-2177
Main Authors: Rana, A K. M. Masud, Reza, Md. Masud, Alam, Md. Shah, Khatun, Mahmuda, Khan, Sharful Islam, Azim, Tasnim
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Adult
AIDS
Antibodies
Bangladesh
Borders
Condoms
Condoms - utilization
Cross-Sectional Studies
Cross-sections
Emigration and Immigration
Female
Females
Health Psychology
HIV
HIV Infections - prevention & control
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
Infectious Diseases
Lentivirus
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Mobility
Original Paper
Prevention
Public Health
Retroviridae
Safe Sex
Sexual Behavior - statistics & numerical data
Sexual intercourse
Sexually transmitted diseases
STD
Surveys and Questionnaires
Syphilis
Transgender Persons
Transsexuality
Travel
Treponema pallidum
Women
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Summary:In Bangladesh transgender women (hijras) are thought to be highly mobile that may be an impediment to condom use. This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the extent of mobility of hijras, in-country and cross-border, and whether mobility affects condom use in anal intercourse. Hijras ≥15 years of age, receiving services from the Global Fund supported HIV prevention program were enrolled. A behavioral questionnaire was administered and blood was tested for antibodies to HIV and syphilis. Of 889 hijras sampled, 41.3 % never traveled, 26.4 % traveled in-country and 32.3 % crossed the border in the last year. HIV and active syphilis was at 0.8 and 1.8 % respectively. Among hijras who crossed the border condom use was less likely in last anal intercourse (AOR 0.68; 95 % CI 0.48–0.96), and consistently with new (AOR 0.59; 95 % CI 0.34–1.01) and regular clients (AOR 0.45; 95 % CI 0.27–0.76) in the last week. This study concludes that in Bangladesh hijras are highly mobile and cross-border mobility negatively affects condom use.
ISSN:1090-7165
1573-3254
DOI:10.1007/s10461-015-1275-8