Bromide Sources and Loads in Swiss Surface Waters and Their Relevance for Bromate Formation during Wastewater Ozonation

Bromide measurements and mass balances in the catchments of major Swiss rivers revealed that chemical industry and municipal waste incinerators are the most important bromide sources and account for ∼50% and ∼20%, respectively, of the ∼2000 tons of bromide discharged in the Rhine river in 2014 in Sw...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science & technology 2016-09, Vol.50 (18), p.9825-9834
Main Authors: Soltermann, Fabian, Abegglen, Christian, Götz, Christian, von Gunten, Urs
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analytical chemistry
Bromates
Bromides
Chemical industry
Environmental regulations
Incinerators
Ozone
Rivers
Waste Disposal, Fluid
Waste Water
Water
Water Pollutants, Chemical
Water Purification
Water treatment
Water treatment plants
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Summary:Bromide measurements and mass balances in the catchments of major Swiss rivers revealed that chemical industry and municipal waste incinerators are the most important bromide sources and account for ∼50% and ∼20%, respectively, of the ∼2000 tons of bromide discharged in the Rhine river in 2014 in Switzerland. About 100 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) will upgrade their treatment for micropollutant abatement in the future to comply with Swiss regulations. An upgrade with ozonation may lead to unintended bromate formation in bromide-containing wastewaters. Measured bromide concentrations were
ISSN:0013-936X
1520-5851
DOI:10.1021/acs.est.6b01142