Is Empathic Accuracy Enough to Facilitate Responsive Behavior in Dyadic Interaction? Distinguishing Ability From Motivation

Growing evidence suggests that interpersonal responsiveness—feeling understood, validated, and cared for by other people—plays a key role in shaping the quality of one's social interactions and relationships. But what enables people to be interpersonally responsive to others? In the current stu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Psychological science 2016-03, Vol.27 (3), p.394-404
Main Authors: Winczewski, Lauren A., Bowen, Jeffrey D., Collins, Nancy L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Accuracy
Adult
Behavior
Cognition & reasoning
Emotions
Empathy
Family Characteristics
Female
Humans
Interpersonal Relations
Listeners
Male
Motivation
Responsiveness
Role playing
Social interaction
Stress, Psychological - psychology
Sympathy
Young Adult
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Summary:Growing evidence suggests that interpersonal responsiveness—feeling understood, validated, and cared for by other people—plays a key role in shaping the quality of one's social interactions and relationships. But what enables people to be interpersonally responsive to others? In the current study, we argued that responsiveness requires not only accurate understanding but also compassionate motivation. Specifically, we hypothesized that understanding another person's thoughts and feelings (empathic accuracy) would foster responsive behavior only when paired with benevolent motivation (empathic concern). To test this idea, we asked couples (N = 91) to discuss a personal or relationship stressor; we then assessed empathic accuracy, empathic concern, and responsive behavior. As predicted, when listeners' empathic concern was high, empathic accuracy facilitated responsiveness; but when empathic concern was low, empathic accuracy was unhelpful (and possibly harmful) for responsiveness. These findings provide the first evidence that cognitive and affective forms of empathy work together to facilitate responsive behavior.
ISSN:0956-7976
1467-9280
DOI:10.1177/0956797615624491