The Ethnic Army and the State: Explaining Coup Traps and the Difficulties of Democratization in Africa

Military coups have posed a persistent threat to political stability in Africa, undermining democratization efforts, igniting insurgencies, and leading to years of devastating military governance. Initial cross-national studies found little consistent evidence linking ethnicity to coups, leading rec...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of conflict resolution 2016-06, Vol.60 (4), p.587-616
Main Author: Harkness, Kristen A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Africa
Army
Coups d etat
Data
Decolonization
Democracy
Democratization
Ethnicity
Governance
Insurgency
Manipulation
Military history
Military officers
Political development
Quantitative analysis
Resistance
Risk
Stability
Statistical analysis
Studies
Citations: Items that this one cites
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Summary:Military coups have posed a persistent threat to political stability in Africa, undermining democratization efforts, igniting insurgencies, and leading to years of devastating military governance. Initial cross-national studies found little consistent evidence linking ethnicity to coups, leading recent formal and statistical work on coup risk and coup-proofing to largely ignore ethnic politics. This article, however, argues that in two important contexts of African political development—decolonization and democratization—ethnic politics are critical to understanding the occurrence of coups. Both case study evidence and statistical analysis of original data on African military history and ethnic politics reveal that practices of ethnic manipulation within security institutions have driven coup attempts. When leaders attempt to build ethnic armies, or dismantle those created by their predecessors, they provoke violent resistance from military officers.
ISSN:0022-0027
1552-8766
DOI:10.1177/0022002714545332