Social neuroscience: undoing the schism between neurology and psychiatry

• Published in: Social neuroscience 2018-02, Vol.13 (1), p.1-39
• Main Authors: Ibáñez, Agustín, García, Adolfo M., Esteves, Sol, Yoris, Adrián, Muñoz, Edinson, Reynaldo, Lucila, Pietto, Marcos Luis, Adolfi, Federico, Manes, Facundo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Brain - drug effects; Brain - physiology; Brain - physiopathology; Cognition; Cognitive ability; Drug therapy; Humans; Medical innovations; Mental Disorders - drug therapy; Mental Disorders - physiopathology; Mental Disorders - psychology; Nervous system; Neurological complications; Neurology; neuropsychiatry; Neurosciences; Pattern recognition; Psychiatry; Social Behavior; Social interactions; Social neuroscience
• ISSN: 1747-0919; 1747-0927; 1747-0927
• DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2016.1245214

Multiple disorders once jointly conceived as "nervous diseases" became segregated by the distinct institutional traditions forged in neurology and psychiatry. As a result, each field specialized in the study and treatment of a subset of such conditions. Here we propose new avenues for interdisciplinary interaction through a triangulation of both fields with social neuroscience. To this end, we review evidence from five relevant domains (facial emotion recognition, empathy, theory of mind, moral cognition, and social context assessment), highlighting their common disturbances across neurological and psychiatric conditions and discussing their multiple pathophysiological mechanisms. Our proposal is anchored in multidimensional evidence, including behavioral, neurocognitive, and genetic findings. From a clinical perspective, this work paves the way for dimensional and transdiagnostic approaches, new pharmacological treatments, and educational innovations rooted in a combined neuropsychiatric training. Research-wise, it fosters new models of the social brain and a novel platform to explore the interplay of cognitive and social functions. Finally, we identify new challenges for this synergistic framework.