Enzyme pretreatment of fats, oil and grease from restaurant waste to prolong septic soil treatment system effectiveness

• Published in: Journal of environmental science and health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous substances & environmental engineering Toxic/hazardous substances & environmental engineering, 2017-01, Vol.52 (1), p.55-63
• Main Authors: Dong, Younsuk, Safferman, Steven I., Ostahowski, Jeff, Herold, Tom, Panter, Ronald
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Enzyme pretreatment; Enzymes; fats oil grease; Kitchens; Lipids - chemistry; onsite wastewater; Pipe; Plugging; Pretreatment; restaurant wastewater; Restaurants; septic drain field; septic soil treatment system; Sewage disposal; Soil; Soil contamination; soil moisture sensor; soil trench; System effectiveness; Triglycerides; Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods; Waste Water; Wastewater treatment; Water Pollutants - chemistry
• ISSN: 1093-4529; 1532-4117
• DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2016.1229928

When a fast-food restaurant's wastewater containing fats, oil and grease (FOG) is discharged into a collection system, it builds up over time and clogs pipes. Similarly, when such wastewater flows into a septic soil treatment system, it adheres to the surface of inlet pipes, gravel/distribution media and soil, restricting the flow and eventually clogging the septic soil treatment system. In this study, an enzymatic pretreatment system was tested on wastewater from a fast-food restaurant to determine its effectiveness in preventing septic soil treatment system clogging. This system used aeration equipment, baffles and a one-time inoculum that excretes enzymes to reduce the molecular weight and number of double bonds associated with FOG. FOG containing triglycerides having lower molecular weights and fewer double bonds are less sticky. The enzymatic pretreatment system was found to cause these changes as verified by measuring the types of triglycerides (compounds in FOG) using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. A unique bench-scale septic soil treatment system (soil trench) was also used. Each contained six soil moisture sensors to enable the determination of moisture saturation trends among the five tested conditions: sanitary wastewater only, a combination of sanitary and kitchen wastewater, enzymatically pretreated sanitary and kitchen wastewater, kitchen wastewater, and enzymatically pretreated kitchen wastewater. For all influent types, a significant amount of FOG and other pollutants were removed, regardless of the initial concentrations. Moisture sensor readings showed differences among the tested conditions, indicating that septic soil treatment system clogging was delayed. Inspection of the influent pipe and gravel at the end of testing verified these differences as did the measurements of volatile solids.