The Climb to Break the Glass Ceiling in Surgery: Trends in Women Progressing from Medical School to Surgical Training and Academic Leadership from 1994 to 2015

Abstract Background There have been many efforts to increase the number of women surgeons. We provide an update of women surgeon representation along the pathway to surgical academia. Methods Data was extracted from AAMC FACTS and FAMOUS as well as GME annual reports starting in 1994 until the last...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The American journal of surgery 2016-10, Vol.212 (4), p.566-572.e1
Main Authors: Abelson, Jonathan S, Chartrand, Genevieve, Moo, Tracy-Ann, Moore, Maureen, Yeo, Heather
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Academic Medical Centers
Acquisitions & mergers
Career Mobility
College professors
Colorectal surgery
Faculty
Faculty, Medical - statistics & numerical data
Faculty, Medical - trends
Female
Gender
General Surgery
Health education
Humans
Leadership
Medical
Medical residencies
Medical schools
Pediatrics
Physicians
Physicians, Women - statistics & numerical data
Physicians, Women - trends
Schools, Medical
Sex discrimination
Sex Distribution
Specialties, Surgical - statistics & numerical data
Surgeons - statistics & numerical data
Surgeons - trends
Surgery
Tenure
Thoracic surgery
Trends
United States
United States - epidemiology
Vascular surgery
Women
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Summary:Abstract Background There have been many efforts to increase the number of women surgeons. We provide an update of women surgeon representation along the pathway to surgical academia. Methods Data was extracted from AAMC FACTS and FAMOUS as well as GME annual reports starting in 1994 until the last year available for each. Results The proportion of graduating women medical students has increased on average 0.5%/year from 1994-2014. Women general surgery trainees have more than doubled in number over the same time period, but represented 38.3% of all general surgery trainees in 2014. Women Full Professors increased on average 0.3% from 1994-2015, but still make up less than 10% of all Full Professors. Conclusions Despite improvements over the past 20 years, there are still large gender gaps in surgery for trainees and academic leadership. At the current rate of increase, women Full Professors will not achieve gender parity until in 2136.
ISSN:0002-9610
1879-1883
DOI:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2016.06.012