Mechanisms of Aneuploidy in Human Eggs

Eggs and sperm develop through a specialized cell division called meiosis. During meiosis, the number of chromosomes is reduced by two sequential divisions in preparation for fertilization. In human female meiosis, chromosomes frequently segregate incorrectly, resulting in eggs with an abnormal numb...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Trends in cell biology 2017-01, Vol.27 (1), p.55-68
Main Authors: Webster, Alexandre, Schuh, Melina
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aging
Aging - physiology
Aneuploidy
Cell division
chromosome segregation
Chromosomes
Eggs
Embryos
Fertility
Fertilization
human fertility
Humans
Infertility
Meiosis
Miscarriage
Models, Biological
oocyte
Ovum - cytology
Ovum - metabolism
Pathology
Spindle Apparatus - metabolism
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Summary:Eggs and sperm develop through a specialized cell division called meiosis. During meiosis, the number of chromosomes is reduced by two sequential divisions in preparation for fertilization. In human female meiosis, chromosomes frequently segregate incorrectly, resulting in eggs with an abnormal number of chromosomes. When fertilized, these eggs give rise to aneuploid embryos that usually fail to develop. As women become older, errors in meiosis occur more frequently, resulting in increased risks of infertility, miscarriage, and congenital syndromes, such as Down's syndrome. Here, we review recent studies that identify the mechanisms causing aneuploidy in female meiosis, with a particular emphasis on studies in humans.
ISSN:0962-8924
1879-3088
DOI:10.1016/j.tcb.2016.09.002