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The strong freshwater anomaly during the onset of the 2015/2016 El Niño
The strong freshwater anomaly in the equatorial Pacific is investigated during the onset of the 2015/2016 El Niño using oceanic observational data sets and atmospheric reanalyzes. The 2015 salinity patterns are marked by a large equatorial freshwater anomaly whose extensive spatial and large amplitu...
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Published in: | Geophysical research letters 2016-06, Vol.43 (12), p.6452-6460 |
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creator | Gasparin, F. Roemmich, D. |
description | The strong freshwater anomaly in the equatorial Pacific is investigated during the onset of the 2015/2016 El Niño using oceanic observational data sets and atmospheric reanalyzes. The 2015 salinity patterns are marked by a large equatorial freshwater anomaly whose extensive spatial and large amplitude characteristics have not previously been captured in the 2004–2014 Argo record. As the main contributors of the freshwater budget, zonal advection and surface forcing have similar amplitude but with maxima located at different longitudes around the dateline. The comparison of the substantial rainfall and westerly winds observed in 2015 with the 2009 and 1997 El Niño onset years shows that 2015 characteristics combine both typical salinity‐related patterns of Central and Eastern Pacific El Niños. Dynamically, this large freshwater anomaly causes a positive steric height anomaly in the western Pacific and increases eastward surface acceleration at the SSS front due to the zonal pressure gradient.
Key Points
Describing the strong equatorial salinity anomaly in the surface and subsurface layers
Assessing the relative contribution of surface forcing (precipitation minus evaporation) versus advection
Discussing salinity impacts on the momentum balance |
doi_str_mv | 10.1002/2016GL069542 |
format | article |
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Key Points
Describing the strong equatorial salinity anomaly in the surface and subsurface layers
Assessing the relative contribution of surface forcing (precipitation minus evaporation) versus advection
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Key Points
Describing the strong equatorial salinity anomaly in the surface and subsurface layers
Assessing the relative contribution of surface forcing (precipitation minus evaporation) versus advection
Discussing salinity impacts on the momentum balance</description><subject>Advection</subject><subject>Amplitude</subject><subject>Amplitudes</subject><subject>Anomalies</subject><subject>El Nino</subject><subject>El Nino phenomena</subject><subject>El Niño</subject><subject>equatorial dynamics</subject><subject>Evaporation</subject><subject>Fresh water</subject><subject>Freshwater</subject><subject>Freshwater budget</subject><subject>Freshwaters</subject><subject>Height anomalies</subject><subject>Inland water environment</subject><subject>Marine</subject><subject>Meteorology</subject><subject>Ocean circulation</subject><subject>Ocean temperature</subject><subject>Pressure gradients</subject><subject>Rain</subject><subject>Rainfall</subject><subject>Salinity</subject><subject>Salinity effects</subject><subject>western Pacific warm pool</subject><subject>Wind</subject><subject>Winds</subject><issn>0094-8276</issn><issn>1944-8007</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqN0c1Kw0AQAOBFFKzVmw8Q8OLB6OzP7G6OUmorBAWp55AmG5uSZutuQulj-Qy-mGvrQTwUTzPDfMwwDCGXFG4pALtjQOUkBZmgYEdkQBMhYg2gjskAIAk5U_KUnHm_BAAOnA7IdLYwke-cbd-iyhm_2OSdcVHe2lXebKOyd3XodAHZ1psustWuCJtwty4aN9FT_flhz8lJlTfeXPzEIXl9GM9G0zh9njyO7tO4QKFkjDyRRgpWSKSaK4UFp6qSAFpimYAyAhPM50WpeFGJspRzxQENLStelUwjH5Lr_dy1s--98V22qn1hmiZvje19FqaipJwh_QcFragWqAO9-kOXtndtOCSjCaccNRX8oNLAE8YFiKBu9qpw1ntnqmzt6lXuthmF7PtP2e8_Bc72fFM3ZnvQZpOXFAWi5F_cn45D</recordid><startdate>20160628</startdate><enddate>20160628</enddate><creator>Gasparin, F.</creator><creator>Roemmich, D.</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>L7M</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160628</creationdate><title>The strong freshwater anomaly during the onset of the 2015/2016 El Niño</title><author>Gasparin, F. ; Roemmich, D.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5476-5396e642c65183775c317f600865d907e4595abcd73cf4dd6b7305e1df3fd2853</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Advection</topic><topic>Amplitude</topic><topic>Amplitudes</topic><topic>Anomalies</topic><topic>El Nino</topic><topic>El Nino phenomena</topic><topic>El Niño</topic><topic>equatorial dynamics</topic><topic>Evaporation</topic><topic>Fresh water</topic><topic>Freshwater</topic><topic>Freshwater budget</topic><topic>Freshwaters</topic><topic>Height anomalies</topic><topic>Inland water environment</topic><topic>Marine</topic><topic>Meteorology</topic><topic>Ocean circulation</topic><topic>Ocean temperature</topic><topic>Pressure gradients</topic><topic>Rain</topic><topic>Rainfall</topic><topic>Salinity</topic><topic>Salinity effects</topic><topic>western Pacific warm pool</topic><topic>Wind</topic><topic>Winds</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gasparin, F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roemmich, D.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Geophysical research letters</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gasparin, F.</au><au>Roemmich, D.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The strong freshwater anomaly during the onset of the 2015/2016 El Niño</atitle><jtitle>Geophysical research letters</jtitle><date>2016-06-28</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>43</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>6452</spage><epage>6460</epage><pages>6452-6460</pages><issn>0094-8276</issn><eissn>1944-8007</eissn><abstract>The strong freshwater anomaly in the equatorial Pacific is investigated during the onset of the 2015/2016 El Niño using oceanic observational data sets and atmospheric reanalyzes. The 2015 salinity patterns are marked by a large equatorial freshwater anomaly whose extensive spatial and large amplitude characteristics have not previously been captured in the 2004–2014 Argo record. As the main contributors of the freshwater budget, zonal advection and surface forcing have similar amplitude but with maxima located at different longitudes around the dateline. The comparison of the substantial rainfall and westerly winds observed in 2015 with the 2009 and 1997 El Niño onset years shows that 2015 characteristics combine both typical salinity‐related patterns of Central and Eastern Pacific El Niños. Dynamically, this large freshwater anomaly causes a positive steric height anomaly in the western Pacific and increases eastward surface acceleration at the SSS front due to the zonal pressure gradient.
Key Points
Describing the strong equatorial salinity anomaly in the surface and subsurface layers
Assessing the relative contribution of surface forcing (precipitation minus evaporation) versus advection
Discussing salinity impacts on the momentum balance</abstract><cop>Washington</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</pub><doi>10.1002/2016GL069542</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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source | Wiley-Blackwell AGU Digital Archive |
subjects | Advection Amplitude Amplitudes Anomalies El Nino El Nino phenomena El Niño equatorial dynamics Evaporation Fresh water Freshwater Freshwater budget Freshwaters Height anomalies Inland water environment Marine Meteorology Ocean circulation Ocean temperature Pressure gradients Rain Rainfall Salinity Salinity effects western Pacific warm pool Wind Winds |
title | The strong freshwater anomaly during the onset of the 2015/2016 El Niño |
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