Zanthoxylum piperitum reversed alveolar bone loss of periodontitis via regulation of bone remodeling-related factors

• Published in: Journal of ethnopharmacology 2017-01, Vol.195, p.137-142
• Main Authors: Kim, Mi Hye, Lee, Hye Ji, Park, Jung-Chul, Hong, Jongki, Yang, Woong Mo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alveolar bone; Alveolar Bone Loss - metabolism; Alveolar Bone Loss - physiopathology; Alveolar Bone Loss - prevention & control; Alveolar Process - drug effects; Alveolar Process - metabolism; Alveolar Process - physiopathology; Animals; Biomarkers - metabolism; Bone Density Conservation Agents - isolation & purification; Bone Density Conservation Agents - pharmacology; Bone Remodeling - drug effects; Cell Line, Tumor; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit - metabolism; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Male; Osteoblast; Osteoblasts - drug effects; Osteoblasts - metabolism; Osteoclast; Osteoclasts - drug effects; Osteoclasts - metabolism; Periodontitis; Periodontitis - drug therapy; Periodontitis - metabolism; Periodontitis - physiopathology; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts - isolation & purification; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Plants, Medicinal; RANK Ligand - metabolism; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Signal Transduction - drug effects; Sp7 Transcription Factor; Time Factors; Transcription Factors - metabolism; Zanthoxylum - chemistry; Zanthoxylum piperitum
• ISSN: 0378-8741; 1872-7573
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.057

Zanthoxylum piperitum (ZP) has been used to prevent toothache in East Asia. In this study, we investigated the effects of ZP on periodontitis along with alveolar bone loss. Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into 4 groups; non-ligated (NOR), ligated and treated vehicle (CTR), ligated and treated 1mg/mL ZP (ZP1), and ligated and treated 100mg/mL ZP (ZP100). Sterilized 3-0 nylon ligature was placed into the subgingival sulcus around the both sides of mandibular first molar. After topical application of 1 and 100mg/mL ZP for 2 weeks, mandibles was removed for histology. In addition, SaOS-2 osteoblast cells were treated 1, 10 and 100μg/mL ZP for 24h to analyze the expressions of alveolar bone-related markers. Several alveolar bone resorption pits, which indicate cementum demineralization were decreased by ZP treatment. Topical ZP treatment inhibited periodontitis-induced alveolar bone loss. In addition, there were significant reduction of osteoclastic activities following topical ZP treatment in periodontium. The expression of RANKL was decreased in SaOS-2 osteoblast cells by treating ZP, while that of OPG was increased. ZP treatment increased the expressions of Runx2 and Osterix in SaOS-2 cells. In summary, ZP treatment inhibited alveolar bone loss as well as maintained the integrity of periodontal structures via regulation of bone remodeling. ZP may be a therapeutic target for treating periodontitis. [Display omitted]