Hydrothermal conversion of lignin to substituted phenols and aromatic ethers

•Hydrothermal liquefaction of lignin was performed using ethanol & methanol.•Maximum liquid yield (85%) was observed at low reaction temperature of 200°C.•The major liquid products are substituted phenols and aromatic ethers.•The maximum organic carbon conversion was found to be 72%. Hydrotherma...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Bioresource technology 2014-08, Vol.165, p.319-322
Main Authors: Singh, Rawel, Prakash, Aditya, Dhiman, Shashi Kumar, Balagurumurthy, Bhavya, Arora, Ajay K., Puri, S.K., Bhaskar, Thallada
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bio-oil
Biological and medical sciences
Carbon
Conversion
ethanol
Ethanol - chemistry
Ethers
Ethers - chemistry
Ethyl alcohol
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Hydrocarbons, Aromatic - chemistry
Hydrothermal liquefaction
Lignin
Lignin - analysis
Lignin - chemistry
Liquefaction
Liquids
methanol
Methyl alcohol
Phenols
Phenols - chemistry
Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
Substituted phenols
technology
Temperature
Thermo-chemical conversion
Time Factors
Water - chemistry
X-Ray Diffraction
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Summary:•Hydrothermal liquefaction of lignin was performed using ethanol & methanol.•Maximum liquid yield (85%) was observed at low reaction temperature of 200°C.•The major liquid products are substituted phenols and aromatic ethers.•The maximum organic carbon conversion was found to be 72%. Hydrothermal liquefaction of lignin was performed using methanol and ethanol at various temperatures (200, 250 and 280°C) and residence times of 15, 30 and 45min. Maximum liquid product yield (85%) was observed at 200°C and 15min residence time using methanol. Increase in temperature was seen to decrease the liquid products yield. With increase in residence time, liquid yields first increased and then decreased. FTIR and 1H NMR showed the presence of substituted phenols and aromatic ethers in liquid products and breakage of β-O-4 or/and α-O-4 ether bonds present in lignin during hydrothermal liquefaction was confirmed through FTIR of bio-residue. In comparison to the existing literature information, higher lignin conversion to liquid products and maximum carbon conversion (72%) was achieved in this study.
ISSN:0960-8524
1873-2976
DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.02.076