Noncoding RNAs in the development, diagnosis, and prognosis of colorectal cancer

More than 90% of the human genome is actively transcribed, but less than 2% of the total genome encodes protein-coding RNA, and thus, noncoding RNA (ncRNA) is a major component of the human transcriptome. Recently, ncRNA was demonstrated to play important roles in multiple biological processes by di...

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Published in:Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine 2017-03, Vol.181, p.108-120
Main Authors: Weng, Mingjiao, Wu, Di, Yang, Chao, Peng, Haisheng, Wang, Guangyu, Wang, Tianzhen, Li, Xiaobo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biomarkers, Tumor - genetics
Biomarkers, Tumor - metabolism
Carcinogenesis - genetics
Carcinogenesis - pathology
Colorectal Neoplasms - diagnosis
Colorectal Neoplasms - genetics
Colorectal Neoplasms - pathology
Disease Progression
Humans
RNA, Untranslated - genetics
RNA, Untranslated - metabolism
Treatment Outcome
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Summary:More than 90% of the human genome is actively transcribed, but less than 2% of the total genome encodes protein-coding RNA, and thus, noncoding RNA (ncRNA) is a major component of the human transcriptome. Recently, ncRNA was demonstrated to play important roles in multiple biological processes by directly or indirectly interfering with gene expression, and the dysregulation of ncRNA is associated with a variety of diseases, including cancer. In this review, we summarize the function and mechanism of miRNA, long intergenic ncRNA, and some other types of ncRNAs, such as small nucleolar RNA, circular ncRNA, pseudogene RNA, and even protein-coding mRNA, in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). We also presented their clinical application in the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC. The summary of the current state of ncRNA in CRC will contribute to our understanding of the complex processes of CRC initiation and development and will help in the discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CRC diagnosis and treatment.
ISSN:1931-5244
1878-1810
DOI:10.1016/j.trsl.2016.10.001