Degradation, intra-articular retention and biocompatibility of monospheres composed of [PDLLA-PEG-PDLLA]-b-PLLA multi-block copolymers

• Published in: Acta biomaterialia 2017-01, Vol.48, p.401-414
• Main Authors: Sandker, Maria J., Duque, Luisa F., Redout, Everaldo M., Chan, Alan, Que, Ivo, Löwik, Clemens W.G.M., Klijnstra, Evelien C., Kops, Nicole, Steendam, Rob, van Weeren, Rene, Hennink, Wim E., Weinans, Harrie
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Anti-inflammatory; Biocompatibility; Biocompatible Materials - pharmacology; Biodegradability; Biodegradable polymers; Biodegradation; Biomedical materials; Block copolymers; Cartilage; Cartilage - drug effects; Cartilage diseases; Collagen; Copolymers; Crystallinity; Degradation; Degradation products; Drug delivery; Drug delivery systems; Dyes; Emulsification; Fluorescence; Fluorescent indicators; Glycosaminoglycans; Health care; Histology; Horses; In vitro methods and tests; In vivo methods and tests; Inflammation; Inflammatory response; Injectability; Injection; Injections, Intra-Articular; Intra-articular; Joint diseases; Kinetics; Knee; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Materials Testing - methods; Mice; Microspheres; Molecular Weight; Monodisperse microspheres; Particle Size; Particle size distribution; Poly(L-lactide); Polyesters - chemical synthesis; Polyesters - chemistry; Polyethylene glycol; Polyethylene Glycols - chemical synthesis; Polyethylene Glycols - chemistry; Polylactic acid; Rats, Wistar; Retention; Size distribution; Surgical implants; Synovial fluid; Synovial Fluid - drug effects; Temperature; X-Ray Microtomography
• ISSN: 1742-7061; 1878-7568
• DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.003

[Display omitted] In this study, we investigated the use of microspheres with a narrow particle size distribution (‘monospheres’) composed of biodegradable poly(DL-lactide)-PEG-poly(DL-lactide)-b-poly(L-lactide) multiblock copolymers that are potentially suitable for local sustained drug release in articular joints. Monospheres with sizes of 5, 15 and 30μm and a narrow particle size distribution were prepared by a micro-sieve membrane emulsification process. During in vitro degradation, less crystallinity, higher swelling and accelerated mass loss during was observed with increasing the PEG content of the polymer. The monospheres were tested in both a small (mice/rat) and large animal model (horse). In vivo imaging after injection with fluorescent dye loaded microspheres in mice knees showed that monospheres of all sizes retained within the joint for at least 90days, while the same dose of free dye redistributed to the whole body within the first day after intra-articular injection. Administration of monospheres in equine carpal joints caused a mild transient inflammatory response without any clinical signs and without degradation of the cartilage, as evidenced by the absence of degradation products of sulfated glycosaminoglycans or collagen type 2 in the synovial fluid. The excellent intra-articular biocompatibility was confirmed in rat knees, where μCT-imaging and histology showed neither changes in cartilage quality nor quantity. Given the good intra-articular retention and the excellent biocompatibility, these novel poly(DL-lactide)-PEG-poly(DL-lactide)-b-poly(L-lactide)-based monospheres can be considered a suitable platform for intra-articular drug delivery. This paper demonstrates the great potential in intra-articular drug delivery of monodisperse biodegradable microspheres which were prepared using a new class of biodegradable multi-block copolymers and a unique membrane emulsification process allowing the preparation of microspheres with a narrow particle size distribution (monospheres) leading to multiple advantages like better injectability, enhanced reproducibility and predictability of the in vivo release kinetics. We report not only on the synthesis and preparation, but also in vitro characterization, followed by in vivo testing of intra-articular biocompatibility of the monospheres in both a small and a large animal model. The favourable intra-articular biocompatibility combined with the prolonged intra-articular retention (>90days) makes t