Origins of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the hydrothermal vent worms Ridgeia piscesae and Protis hydrothermica

• Published in: Marine ecology. Progress series (Halstenbek) 2002-01, Vol.225, p.219-226
• Main Authors: Pond, D W, Allen, CE, Bell, M V, Van Dover, CL, Fallick, A E, Dixon, DR, Sargent, J R
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Marine; Protis hydrothermica; Ridgeia piscesae
• ISSN: 0171-8630; 1616-1599

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential nutrients for all marine animals that have previously been studied. Most marine animals obtain long-chain PUFAs from their diets (i.e. as products of photosynthetic processes) and few are known to be able to produce these compounds de novo. Deep-sea vent organisms live in an environment that is relatively isolated from photosynthetic sources of PUFAs, yet some species are known to contain substantial amounts of these compounds. To further understand the origins of PUFAs in deep-sea vent animals, we studied 2 annelid species; a vestimentiferan tubeworm (class Pogonophora) with endosymbiotic bacteria, and a tubicolous serpulid polychaete that feeds heterotrophically. The vestimentiferan tubeworms Ridgeia piscesae from the Juan de Fuca Ridge are rich in the monounsaturated fatty acids 16:1n-7 and 18:1n-7, the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) 20:5n-3 and 20:4n-6, and the non-methylene-interrupted PUFAs 20:2 Delta 5, 13. They also contain small but significant amounts of the PUFAs 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3 and 22:6n-3. delta super(13)C values of ca -14ppt for 16:1n-7 and 18:1n-7 suggest that these fatty acids are synthesised by chemosynthetic [sic] the vent site. A delta super(13)C value of -22ppt for 20:5n-3 in R. piscesae makes it impossible to conclusively attribute the origin of this fatty acid to either the photic zone or hydrothermal vents. The lipids of t serpulid polychaete Protis hydrothermica from the East Pacific Rise are also rich in 16:1n-7 and contain the unusual PUFAs 18:3n-7. They also contain significant amounts of 20:1n-13 and the PUFAs 20:3n-9, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3. Other than 22:6n-3, which had a delta super(13)C of -22ppt, the fatty acids in P. hydrothermica had delta super(13)C values ranging from -33ppt to -41ppt. This is consistent with the fatty acids of P. hydrothermica, other than 22:6n-3 but including 20:5n-3, originating from a chemoautotrophic carbon source in the hydrothermal vent. It cannot be excluded that the 22:6n-3 in P. hydrothermica originates in the photic zone. Potential origi PUFAs in hydrothermal vent animals, whether produced by photo- or chemotrophic processes or by pro- or eukaryotic organisms, are considered.