Injury to the conduction system: management of life-threatening arrhythmias after penetrating cardiac trauma

• Published in: The American journal of surgery 2016-08, Vol.212 (2), p.352-353
• Main Authors: Jhunjhunwala, Rashi, B.A, Dente, Christopher J., M.D, Keeling, William Brent, M.D, Prest, Phillip J., D.O, Dougherty, Stacy D., M.D, Gelbard, Rondi B., M.D, Long, William B., M.D, Nicholas, Jeffrey M., M.D., M.S, Morse, Bryan C., M.S., M.D
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Arrhythmia after penetrating cardiac injury; Arrhythmias, Cardiac - diagnosis; Arrhythmias, Cardiac - etiology; Arrhythmias, Cardiac - therapy; Brugada Syndrome - diagnosis; Brugada Syndrome - etiology; Brugada Syndrome - therapy; Cardiac arrhythmia; Cardiac Conduction System Disease; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Complete heart block; Electrocardiography; Heart failure; Heart Injuries - surgery; Heart Injuries - therapy; Humans; Injuries; Injury Severity Score; Male; Mortality; Patients; Registries; Surgery; Trauma Centers; Traumatic arrhythmia; Traumatic VSD; Urban Population; Ventricular septal injury; Wounds, Penetrating - complications; Wounds, Penetrating - surgery; Wounds, Penetrating - therapy
• ISSN: 0002-9610; 1879-1883
• DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2015.07.034

Abstract Background Life-threatening conduction abnormalities after penetrating cardiac injuries (PCIs) are rare, and rapid identification and treatment of these arrhythmias are critical to survival. This study highlights diagnosis and management strategies for conduction abnormalities after PCI. Methods Patients with life-threatening arrhythmias after PCI were identified at an urban, level I trauma center registry. Results Seventy-one patients survived to reach the hospital after PCI. Of these, 3 (4%) survivors (male = 3, mean age 41.3, median injury severity score = 25) had critical conduction abnormalities after cardiorrhaphy. All patients had multichamber and atrioventricular nodal injury. After initial cardiorrhaphy and control of hemorrhage, all patients had sustained hypotension with bradycardia from complete heart block. Two patients had ventricular septal defects requiring repair. All 3 patients survived. Conclusions Rapid recognition of injury to the cardiac conduction system after PCI as a source of sustained hypotension is essential to early restoration of cardiac function and survival.