Daily self-feeding activity rhythms and dietary self-selection of pirarucu (Arapaima gigas)

• Published in: Aquaculture 2016-12, Vol.465, p.152-157
• Main Authors: Mattos, Bruno Olivetti de, Nascimento-Filho, Eduardo César Teixeira, Anjos-Santos, Aline dos, Sánchez-Vázquez, Francisco Javier, Fortes-Silva, Rodrigo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aquaculture; Arapaima gigas; Bioenergetics; Circadian rhythm; Diet; Feed science; Feeding behaviour; Feeding schedule; Fish; Food preference; Nutritional challenge; Nutritional wisdom; Proteins
• ISSN: 0044-8486; 1873-5622
• DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.09.005

Daily feeding rhythms and the ability of pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) to compose a balanced diet through macronutrient self-selection were evaluated. Twelve fish (1573.3±74.4g) were distributed in six tanks of 250l, two fish per tank. First, three experimental diets were prepared using an incomplete mixture of macronutrients (75%protein/25%carbohydrate-PC, 75%protein/25%fat-PF and 10% protein/45%fat/45%carbohydrate-PFC). These diets were provided to fish through a self-feeding system connected to a computer to record feeding activity. After this procedure, fish were challenged with a 50% protein dilution (diets: PC50 and PF50). The results showed that pirarucu exhibited a strict diurnal feeding pattern with 95.4% of daily feeding activity observed in the daytime. Fish selected 56.3% P, 24.2% C, 19.5% F, and consumed 150–151kJ/kg BW/day of energy. After protein dilution, fish sustained energy intake by increasing the consumption of PC50 and PF50 to maintain the target protein intake of the previous stage. When fish were protein-restricted, they failed to sustain previous energy intake. These findings can be used to design feeding regimes and for formulating aquafeed for pirarucu. The use of an automatic feeder system activated by the fish could allow the animal to feed at their preferred time and hence reduces waste and improve the intake. Studies that consider the fish preference as a guide in designing diets can provide data on mechanisms of nutrient intake regulation for the development of aquafeeds for new species with potential for aquaculture. •The self-feeders were efficiently utilised by pirarucu.•Pirarucu showed a diurnal feeding rhythms.•Fish were capable of composing a balanced diet.•After the nutritional challenges fish showed a nutritional target.•Pirarucu are no capable of sustaining their energy intake without protein.