Chronic toxicity of commercial chlorpyrifos to earthworm Pheretima peguana

ABSTRACT A chronic toxicity study was conducted in earthworms (Pheretima peguana) exposed to soil spiked with chlorpyrifos at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 mg/kg soil dry matter for 7, 14, and 28 days. The integrity of the coelomocyte lysosomal membrane, nervous system, and male reproduct...

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Published in:Environmental toxicology 2016-11, Vol.31 (11), p.1450-1459
Main Authors: Muangphra, Ptumporn, Tharapoom, Kampanat, Euawong, Nongnuch, Namchote, Suluck, Gooneratne, Ravi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
acetylcholinesterase
Acetylcholinesterase - metabolism
Animals
Biomarkers - analysis
Biomarkers - metabolism
chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos - toxicity
cocoon production
earthworm
histomorphology
Insecticides - toxicity
Life Cycle Stages - drug effects
Male
Neutral Red - pharmacology
neutral red retention time
Oligochaeta - drug effects
Oligochaeta - growth & development
Oligochaeta - physiology
Soil Pollutants - toxicity
Spermatogenesis - drug effects
Toxicity Tests, Chronic
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Summary:ABSTRACT A chronic toxicity study was conducted in earthworms (Pheretima peguana) exposed to soil spiked with chlorpyrifos at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 mg/kg soil dry matter for 7, 14, and 28 days. The integrity of the coelomocyte lysosomal membrane, nervous system, and male reproductive tissue was monitored using, respectively, the neutral‐red retention assay, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme assay, and histomorphology of spermatogenic cells in the seminal vesicles and cocoon production (at 28 days after 28 days’ exposure). Chlorpyrifos decreased the coelomocyte neutral‐red retention time (NRRT) significantly (p < 0.05) at concentrations > 0.1 mg/kg soil as early as day 7 of exposure and was dose‐ and time‐dependent. Chlorpyrifos inhibition of AChE activity was greater at day 7 than at day14 (p < 0.05) indicating possibly nerve recovery. Chlorpyrifos induced concentration‐dependent damage to spermatogenic cells and cytophores in premature stages. The number and size of premature, maturing, and fully mature spermatogenic stages were increased at low concentrations (
ISSN:1520-4081
1522-7278
DOI:10.1002/tox.22150