The effects of classic altitude training on hemoglobin mass in swimmers

Aim of the study was to determine the influence of classic altitude training on hemoglobin mass (Hb-mass) in elite swimmers under the following aspects: (1) normal oscillation of Hb-mass at sea level; (2) time course of adaptation and de-adaptation; (3) sex influences; (4) influences of illness and...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:European journal of applied physiology 2013-05, Vol.113 (5), p.1199-1211
Main Authors: Wachsmuth, N. B., Völzke, C., Prommer, N., Schmidt-Trucksäss, A., Frese, F., Spahl, O., Eastwood, A., Stray-Gundersen, J., Schmidt, W.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acclimatization
Adaptation, Physiological
Adolescent
Adult
Altitude
Athletes
Athletic Performance
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Camps
Case-Control Studies
Female
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobins - analysis
Human Physiology
Humans
Hypoxia
Investigations
Male
Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine
Olympic games
Original Article
Sea level
Sex Factors
Sports Medicine
Swimming
Swimming - physiology
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Summary:Aim of the study was to determine the influence of classic altitude training on hemoglobin mass (Hb-mass) in elite swimmers under the following aspects: (1) normal oscillation of Hb-mass at sea level; (2) time course of adaptation and de-adaptation; (3) sex influences; (4) influences of illness and injury; (5) interaction of Hb-mass and competition performance. Hb-mass of 45 top swimmers (male 24; female 21) was repeatedly measured (~6 times) over the course of 2 years using the optimized CO-rebreathing method. Twenty-five athletes trained between one and three times for 3–4 weeks at altitude training camps (ATCs) at 2,320 m (3 ATCs) and 1,360 m (1 ATC). Performance was determined by analyzing 726 competitions according to the German point system. The variation of Hb-mass without hypoxic influence was 3.0 % (m) and 2.7 % (f). At altitude, Hb-mass increased by 7.2 ± 3.3 % ( p  
ISSN:1439-6319
1439-6327
DOI:10.1007/s00421-012-2536-0