Molecular mechanisms of host cell traversal by malaria sporozoites

• Published in: International journal for parasitology 2017-02, Vol.47 (2-3), p.129-136
• Main Authors: Yang, Annie S.P., Boddey, Justin A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Dermis; Dermis - parasitology; Erythrocytes - parasitology; Hepatocytes - parasitology; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans; Infection; Liver; Malaria; Malaria - parasitology; Perforin; Plasmodium - physiology; Sporozoite; Sporozoites - physiology; Traversal; Vacuole
• ISSN: 0020-7519; 1879-0135
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2016.09.002

[Display omitted] •Malaria sporozoites traverse host cells to establish infection in the mammalian host.•Sporozoite traversal of host cells can involve transient vacuoles.•Parasite escape from transient vacuoles requires perforin-like protein 1 (PLP1).•The formation and nature of the sporozoite-host cell tight junction is unknown.•The molecular step-wise events of cell traversal are largely unknown and require further research. Malaria is a pernicious infectious disease caused by apicomplexan parasites of the genus Plasmodium. Each year, malaria afflicts over 200million people, causing considerable morbidity, loss to gross domestic product of endemic countries, and more than 420,000 deaths. A central feature of the virulence of malaria parasites is the ability of sporozoite forms injected by a mosquito to navigate from the inoculation site in the skin through host tissues to infect the liver. The ability for sporozoites to traverse through different host cell types is very important for the successful development of parasites within the mammalian host. Over the past decade, our understanding of the role of host cell traversal has become clearer through important studies with rodent models of malaria. However, we still do not understand the stepwise process of host cell entry and exit or know the molecular mechanisms governing each step. We know even less about cell traversal by malaria parasite species that infect humans. Here, we review current knowledge regarding the role and molecular mechanisms of sporozoite cell traversal and highlight recent advances that prompt new ways of thinking about this important process.