Florida panther dispersal and conservation

• Published in: Biological conservation 2002-08, Vol.106 (2), p.187-197
• Main Authors: Maehr, David S., Land, E.Darrell, Shindle, David B., Bass, Oron L., Hoctor, Thomas S.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Applied ecology; Biological and medical sciences; Circular movements; Colonization; Conservation planning; Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife; Dispersal; Florida panther; Frustration; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; General aspects; Parks, reserves, wildlife conservation. Endangered species: population survey and restocking; Puma concolor coryi
• ISSN: 0006-3207; 1873-2917
• DOI: 10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00245-2

We studied dispersal in 27 radio-collared Florida panthers Puma concolor coryi in southern Florida from 1986 to 2000. Male dispersal was longer (mean=68.4 km) than that of females (mean=20.3 km), tended to be circular, frustrated, and of insufficient length to ameliorate inbreeding. Females were philopatric and established home ranges that were less than one home range width away from their natal ranges. All females were successful in establishing territories, whereas males were successful 63% of the time. Dispersing panthers avoided moving toward the southeast and into an area of limited forest cover. Independence and the initiation of dispersal occurred at about 14 months of age and lasted for an average of 7.0–9.6 months for females and males, respectively. On average, Florida panthers disperse shorter distances than are typical for western populations of Puma concolor. A recent increase in long distance male dispersal events may be related to an increase in reproduction and population density resulting from the introduction of female cougars P. c. stanleyana into south Florida. Although the population exhibits the behavioral ability to colonize nearby vacant range, females have yet to do so. Successful dispersal to these areas could be facilitated by habitat restoration and translocation of females.