Conservation genetics and implications for restoration of Hemigenia exilis (Lamiaceae), a serpentine endemic from Western Australia

• Published in: Biological conservation 2002-09, Vol.107 (1), p.37-45
• Main Authors: Mattner, J, Zawko, G, Rossetto, M, Krauss, S.L, Dixon, K.W, Sivasithamparam, K
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Applied ecology; Arid zone; Biological and medical sciences; Biological evolution; Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Genetic diversity; Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution; Parks, reserves, wildlife conservation. Endangered species: population survey and restocking; Population genetics, reproduction patterns; Provenance; Pteridophyta, spermatophyta; RAPD; Vegetals
• ISSN: 0006-3207; 1873-2917
• DOI: 10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00041-1

Hemigenia exilis (Lamiaceae) is a rare plant endemic to serpentine soils of the Goldfields of Western Australia. The species was presumed extinct until 1995, when it was re-discovered on a nickel ore deposit. To delineate the origin and extent of seed collection for rehabilitation after mining, and to identify the impact of removing one population due to mining, we assessed level and partitioning of genetic variation and differentiation. Twelve populations were sampled for DNA fingerprinting using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Ten primers produced 89 bands, 97% being polymorphic. Genetic diversity within populations ranged from 0.197 to 0.409, averaging 0.38 at the species level, which is high compared with most other endemic species. Heterozygosity within populations ranged from 0.355 to 0.431, averaging 0.27 over the species. AMOVA partitioned over 80% of the total variation within populations. Multidimensional scaling revealed weak but significant differentiation into a northern and southern provenance. Despite selective sampling, the genetic data provided useful information for the management of Hemigenia exilis. For restoration, seed should be collected from a range of habitats of several populations, while keeping the two provenances separate. This strategy is likely to maintain high genetic diversity and locally adapted populations.