Rational design of new materials for spintronics: Co2FeZ (Z=Al, Ga, Si, Ge)

• Published in: Science and technology of advanced materials 2008-01, Vol.9 (1), p.014102-014102
• Main Authors: Balke, Benjamin, Wurmehl, Sabine, Fecher, Gerhard H, Felser, Claudia, Kübler, Jürgen
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: electronic structure; Focus Topical Reviews; half-metallic ferromagnets; Heusler compounds; intermetallics
• ISSN: 1468-6996; 1878-5514
• DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/9/1/014102

Spintronic is a multidisciplinary field and a new research area. New materials must be found for satisfying the different types of demands. The search for stable half-metallic ferromagnets and ferromagnetic semiconductors with Curie temperatures higher than room temperature is still a challenge for solid state scientists. A general understanding of how structures are related to properties is a necessary prerequisite for material design. Computational simulations are an important tool for a rational design of new materials. The new developments in this new field are reported from the point of view of material scientists. The development of magnetic Heusler compounds specifically designed as material for spintronic applications has made tremendous progress in the very recent past. Heusler compounds can be made as half-metals, showing a high spin polarization of the conduction electrons of up to 100% in magnetic tunnel junctions. High Curie temperatures were found in Co 2 -based Heusler compounds with values up to 1120 K in Co 2 FeSi. The latest results at the time of writing are a tunnelling magnet resistance (TMR) device made from the Co 2 FeAl 0.5 Si 0.5 Heusler compound and working at room temperature with a (TMR) effect higher than 200%. Good interfaces and a well-ordered compound are the precondition to realize the predicted half-metallic properties. The series Co 2 FeAl 1- x Si x is found to exhibit half-metallic ferromagnetism over a broad range, and it is shown that electron doping stabilizes the gap in the minority states for x=0.5. This might be a reason for the exceptional temperature behaviour of Co 2 FeAl 0.5 Si 0.5 TMR devices. Using x-ray diffraction (XRD), it was shown conclusively that Co 2 FeAl crystallizes in the B2 structure whereas Co 2 FeSi crystallizes in the L2 1 structure. For the compounds Co 2 FeGa or Co 2 FeGe, with Curie temperatures expected higher than 1000 K, the standard XRD technique using laboratory sources cannot be used to easily distinguish between the two structures. For this reason, the EXAFS technique was used to elucidate the structure of these two compounds. Analysis of the data indicated that both compounds crystallize in the L2 1 structure which makes these two compounds suitable new candidates as materials in magnetic tunnel junctions.