Vaccines against pseudorabies virus (PrV)

• Published in: Veterinary microbiology 2017-07, Vol.206, p.3-9
• Main Authors: Freuling, C.M., Müller, T.F., Mettenleiter, T.C.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animal diseases; Animals; Aujeszky’s disease virus; Disease control; Genetic engineering; Genetic modification; Glycoprotein E; Glycoproteins; Herpesvirus 1, Suid - immunology; Hogs; Immunization; Immunogenicity; Livestock; Marker vaccine; Pseudorabies; Pseudorabies - prevention & control; Pseudorabies - virology; Pseudorabies Vaccines - immunology; Pseudorabies virus; Rabies; Recombinant vaccine; Suid herpesvirus 1; Swine; Swine Diseases - prevention & control; Swine Diseases - virology; Vaccination - veterinary; Vaccines; Vaccines, Attenuated - immunology; Viral infections; Virulence; Viruses
• ISSN: 0378-1135; 1873-2542
• DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.11.019

•Aujeszky’s disease (AD) vaccination has pioneered novel strategies in animal disease control by the first use of marker vaccines.•AD was the first animal disease where the concept of DIVA (differentiating vaccinated from infected animals) was used.•Pseudorabies virus has been developed into a powerful vector system for integration and expression of foreign proteins.•Modern PrV vector vaccines offer novel perspectives for advancing preventive medicine through vaccination against several animal diseases. Aujeszkýs disease (AD, pseudorabies) is a notifiable herpesvirus infection of pigs causing substantial economic losses to swine producers. AD in pigs is controlled by the use of vaccination with inactivated and attenuated live vaccines. Starting with classically attenuated live vaccines derived from low virulent field isolates, AD vaccination has pioneered novel strategies in animal disease control by the first use of genetically engineered live virus vaccines lacking virulence-determining genes, and the concept of DIVA, i.e. the serological differentiation of vaccinated from field-virus infected animals by the use of marker vaccines and respective companion diagnostic tests. The basis for this concept has been the molecular characterization of PrV and the identification of so-called nonessential envelope glycoproteins, e.g. glycoprotein E, which could be eliminated from the virus without harming viral replication or immunogenicity. Eradication of AD using the strategy of vaccination-DIVA testing has successfully been performed in several countries including Germany and the United States. Furthermore, by targeted genetic modification PrV has been developed into a powerful vector system for expression of foreign genes to vaccinate against several infectious diseases of swine, while heterologous vector systems have been used for expression of major immunogens of PrV. This small concise review summarizes the state-of-the-art information on PrV vaccines and provides an outlook for the future.