Microbial interactions with chromium: basic biological processes and applications in environmental biotechnology

• Published in: World journal of microbiology & biotechnology 2016-12, Vol.32 (12), p.191-9, Article 191
• Main Authors: Gutiérrez-Corona, J. F., Romo-Rodríguez, P., Santos-Escobar, F., Espino-Saldaña, A. E., Hernández-Escoto, H.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Absorption spectroscopy; Analysis; Applied Microbiology; Aqueous solutions; Bacteria; Bacteria - genetics; Bacteria - growth & development; Bacteria - metabolism; Bioaccumulation; Biochemistry; Biodegradation, Environmental; Biological activity; Biomass; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Bioreactors; Bioremediation; Biotechnology; Chromium; Chromium - metabolism; Electron paramagnetic resonance; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology; Environmental Pollutants - metabolism; Fourier transforms; Fungi; Fungi - genetics; Fungi - growth & development; Fungi - metabolism; Gene Expression Profiling; Industrial pollution; Life Sciences; Metabolism; Metabolites; Metabolomics; Metals; Microbiology; Microorganisms; Pollution; Proteins; Proteomics; Reduction; Review; Species diversity; Spectrum analysis; Studies; Toxicity; X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy; Yeast
• ISSN: 0959-3993; 1573-0972
• DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2150-0

Chromium (Cr) is a highly toxic metal for microorganisms as well as plants and animal cells. Due to its widespread industrial use, Cr has become a serious pollutant in diverse environmental settings. The hexavalent form of the metal, Cr(VI), is considered a more toxic species than the relatively innocuous and less mobile Cr(III) form. The study of the interactions between microorganisms and Cr has been helpful to unravel the mechanisms allowing organisms to survive in the presence of high concentrations of Cr(VI) and to detoxify and remove the oxyanion. Various mechanisms of interactions with Cr have been identified in diverse species of bacteria and fungi, including biosorption, bioaccumulation, reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), and chromate efflux. Some of these systems have been proposed as potential biotechnological tools for the bioremediation of Cr pollution using bioreactors or by in situ treatments. In this review, the interactions of microorganisms with Cr are summarised, emphasising the importance of new research avenues using advanced methodologies, including proteomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses, as well as the use of techniques based on X-ray absorption spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.