Role of guar fiber in appetite control

• Published in: Physiology & behavior 2016-10, Vol.164 (Pt A), p.277-283
• Main Author: Rao, Theertham Pradyumna
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: appetite; Appetite control; Appetite Regulation - physiology; Calorie intake; cholecystokinin; Cholecystokinin - metabolism; clinical trials; dietary fiber; Dietary Fiber - administration & dosage; Dietary Supplements; energy intake; foods; Galactans - administration & dosage; Gastrointestinal Transit; guar gum; Humans; ingredients; Mannans - administration & dosage; mechanism of action; PHGG; Plant Gums - administration & dosage; Psychiatry; Satiation; Satiety; solubility; Soluble fiber; taste; VAS; viscosity; weight control
• ISSN: 0031-9384; 1873-507X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.06.014

Abstract Appetite control and reduction of additional calorie intake may be a logical approach for proper weight management. Viscous dietary fibers are effective in appetite control but difficult to apply in normal serving sizes in foods and nutritional supplements due to their viscosity and required high doses. Guar fiber popularly known as partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) is near non-viscous soluble fiber that has been proven effective in providing many physiological benefits. Guar fiber has also been identified as potential natural food and nutritional supplement ingredient for appetite control. The aim of this review is to summarize all the clinical studies pertinent to its effects on appetite control in normal subjects and postulate the mechanism of action. Guar fiber exhibited appetite control via delaying the colonic transit time of digested food, stimulation of satiety hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) and induction of prolonged perception of post-meal satiation and satiety effects. Regular intake of guar fiber at a dose of 2 g/serving provided significant sustained post-meal satiation effects and minimized the inter-meal calorie intake by about 20% in normal subjects. The intake of guar fiber alone at a dose > 5 g/serving or its combination with protein (2.6 g guar fiber + 8 g protein/serving) showed acute satiety effects in normal subjects. Guar fiber containing > 85% dietary fiber, with clear solubility and negligible taste impact, may be an ideal natural dietary fiber for use in food and supplement applications at low dosage levels for appetite control.