Melaleuca alternifolia anthelmintic activity in gerbils experimentally infected by Haemonchus contortus

• Published in: Experimental parasitology 2016-11, Vol.170, p.177-183
• Main Authors: Grando, Thirssa H., Baldissera, Matheus D., Gressler, Lucas T., de Sá, Mariângela Facco, Bortoluzzi, Bruna N., Schafer, Andressa S., Ebling, Rafael C., Raffin, Renata P., Santos, Roberto C.V., Stefani, Lenita M., Vaucher, Rodrigo, Leal, Marta L.R., Monteiro, Silvia G.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alanine Transaminase - blood; Animals; Anthelmintics - administration & dosage; Anthelmintics - chemistry; Anthelmintics - pharmacology; Antiparasitic; Aspartate Aminotransferases - blood; Blood Chemical Analysis; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Gerbil; Gerbillinae; H. contortus; Haemonchiasis - drug therapy; Haemonchus - drug effects; Haemonchus contortus; Lipids; Male; Melaleuca; Melaleuca - chemistry; Melaleuca alternifolia; Melaleuca essential oil; Meriones unguiculatus; Nanocapsules; Phytotherapy; Random Allocation; Tea Tree Oil - administration & dosage; Tea Tree Oil - chemistry; Tea Tree Oil - pharmacology; Terpenes - administration & dosage; Terpenes - chemistry; Terpenes - pharmacology
• ISSN: 0014-4894; 1090-2449
• DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.09.004

Gastrointestinal parasites are one of the biggest health problems faced in sheep, mainly due to their pathogenicity and resistance to drugs used to control these parasites. Thus, the following study aimed to assess the anthelmintic efficacy of Melaleuca alternifolia against Haemonchus contortus in gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) experimentally infected. Three treatments were tested: M. alternifolia essential oil, popularly known as tea tree oil (TTO), a solid lipid nanocarrier made with essential oil of Melaleuca (nanoTTO), and terpinen-4-ol (terp-4-ol). In vivo studies were performed by determining the mean worm burden of H. contortus in gerbils TTO (0.75 mL/kg); nanoTTO (0.5 mL/kg) and terp-4-ol (0.5 mL l/kg) were able to reduce 46.36%; 48.64%, and 43.18% worm burden, respectively. H. contortus increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, as demonstrated by liver injury. It was found that the TTO, nanoTTO, and terp-4-ol were not toxic to liver and kidneys since hepatic and renal functions were not affected. Moreover, terp-4-ol was able to prevent increased levels of seric AST and ALT in infected animals, indicating a hepatoprotective effect. Thus, our results indicate that TTO, nanoTTO, and terp-4-ol are safe and efficient against H. contortus infection in gerbils, and possibly the terp-4-ol may be considered the compound present in the Melaleuca alternifolia responsible for parasitic action against H. contortus. [Display omitted] •The treatments used were effective on reducing infection by H. contortus in gerbils.•The nanocarriers used with essential oil of M. alternifolia (nanoTTO) showed highest efficiency.•Nanotechnology can increase efficacy and bioavailability of therapeutic substances.•Terpinen-4-ol may protect against liver damage caused by infectious agents.