Defence responses in rice plants in prior and simultaneous applications of Cladosporium sp. during leaf blast suppression

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international 2016-11, Vol.23 (21), p.21554-21564
• Main Authors: Chaibub, Amanda Abdallah, de Carvalho, Jacqueline Campos Borba, de Sousa Silva, Carlos, Collevatti, Rosane Garcia, Gonçalves, Fábio José, de Carvalho Barros Côrtes, Márcio Vinícius, de Filippi, Marta Cristina Corsi, de Faria, Fabrícia Paula, Lopes, Douglas Christian Borges, de Araújo, Leila Garcês
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Biological Control Agents - classification; Biological Control Agents - pharmacology; Cladosporium; Cladosporium - physiology; Crop diseases; Disease management; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental science; Enzymatic activity; Fungi; Fungicides; Laboratories; Leaves; Magnaporthe - physiology; Oryza - immunology; Oryza - microbiology; Pathogens; Pesticides; Plant Diseases - microbiology; Plant Diseases - prevention & control; Plant Immunity; Plant Leaves - microbiology; Plants; Pollution control; Research Article; Ribosomal DNA; Rice; Seeds; Sprays; Studies; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7379-5

An alternative method to control rice blast ( Magnaporthe oryzae ) is to include biological agent in the disease management strategy. The objective of this study was to assess the leaf blast-suppressing effects of rice phylloplane fungi. One Cladosporium sp. phylloplane fungus was shown to possess biocontrolling traits based on its morphological characteristics and an analysis of its 18S ribosomal DNA. Experiments aimed at determining the optimal time to apply the bioagent and the mechanisms involved in its rice blast-suppressing activities were performed under controlled greenhouse conditions. We used foliar spraying to apply the Cladosporium sp. 48 h prior to applying the pathogen, and we found that this increased the enzymatic activity. Furthermore, in vitro tests performed using isolate C24 showed that it possessed the ability to secrete endoxylanases and endoglucanases. When Cladosporium sp. was applied either prior to or simultaneous with the pathogen, we observed a significant increase in defence enzyme activity, and rice blast was suppressed by 84.0 and 78.6 %, respectively. However, some enzymes showed higher activity at 24 h while others did so at 48 h after the challenge inoculation. Cladosporium sp. is a biological agent that is capable of suppressing rice leaf blast by activating biochemical defence mechanisms in rice plants. It is highly adapted to natural field conditions and should be included in further studies aimed at developing strategies to support ecologically sustainable disease management and reduce environmental pollution by the judicious use of fungicidal sprays.