Noni leaf and black tea enhance bone regeneration in estrogen-deficient rats

• Published in: Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) Los Angeles County, Calif.), 2017-01, Vol.33, p.42-51
• Main Authors: Shalan, Nor Aijratul Asikin Mohd, Mustapha, Noordin M., Mohamed, Suhaila
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Biomarkers - metabolism; Black tea; Body weight; Bone and Bones - drug effects; Bone and Bones - metabolism; Bone and Bones - pathology; Bone Density - drug effects; Bone regeneration; Bone Regeneration - drug effects; Bone Resorption - drug therapy; Bones; Camellia sinensis; Clinical trials; Collagen - biosynthesis; Computed tomography; Epicatechin; Estrogen Receptor alpha - metabolism; Estrogens; Estrogens - deficiency; Female; Humans; Inflammation - metabolism; Inflammation - prevention & control; Laboratories; Metabolism; Mineralization; Morinda; Morinda citrifolia leaves; Osteoblasts - drug effects; Osteoclasts - drug effects; Osteoporosis; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal - drug therapy; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal - metabolism; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal - pathology; Ovariectomy; Physical properties; Phytoestrogens - pharmacology; Phytoestrogens - therapeutic use; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Plant Extracts - therapeutic use; Plant Leaves; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Remifemin; Rodents; Scopoletin; Tea; Womens health
• ISSN: 0899-9007; 1873-1244
• DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.08.006

Black tea and Nonileaf are among the dietary compounds that can benefit patients with bone resorption disorders. Their bone regeneration effects and their mechanisms were studied in estrogen-deficient rats. Noni leaves (three doses) and black tea water extracts were fed to ovariectomized rats for 4 mo, and their effects (analyzed via mechanical measurements, micro-computed tomography scan, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction mRNA) were compared with Remifemin (a commercial phytoestrogen product from black cohosh). The water extracts (dose-dependently for noni leaves) increased bone regeneration biomarker (runt-related transcription factor 2, bone morphogenetic protein 2, osteoprotegerin, estrogen receptor 1 [ESR1], collagen type I alpha 1A) expressions and reduced the inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor [NF]-κB, and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand) mRNA expressions/levels in the rats. The extracts also improved bone physical and mechanical properties. The extracts demonstrated bone regeneration through improving bone size and structure, bone mechanical properties (strength and flexibility), and bone mineralization and density. The catechin-rich extract favored bone regeneration and suppressed bone resorption. The mechanisms involved enhancing osteoblast generation and survival, inhibiting osteoclast growth and activities, suppressing inflammation, improving bone collagen synthesis and upregulating ESR1 expression to augment phytoestrogenic effects. Estrogen deficiency bone loss and all extracts studied (best effect from Morinda leaf at 300 mg/kg body weight) mitigated the loss, indicating benefits for the aged and menopausal women. •Morinda leaf and black tea increased bone regeneration and suppressed resorption.•Morinda leaf at 300 mg/kg body weight enhanced bone strength.•Morinda leaf extract and black tea increased collagen synthesis.•Morinda leaf extract and black tea augmented phytoestrogenic effects via ESR1.•Morinda leaf extract and black tea improved bone structure under estrogen deficiency.