The development and evaluation of a non‐pressurised, chemical oxygen reaction generation vessel and breathing system providing emergency oxygen for an extended duration

Summary The objective was to develop a sodium percarbonate/water/catalyst chemical oxygen generator that did not require compressed gas. Existing devices utilising this reaction have a very short duration of action. Preliminary experiments with a glass reaction vessel, water bath and electronic flow...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Anaesthesia 2016-12, Vol.71 (12), p.1464-1470
Main Authors: Dingley, J., Williams, D., Douglas, P., Douglas, M., Douglas, J. O.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anesthesia
Carbonates - chemistry
Catalysis
design
Emergencies
emergency care
Humans
inhalation therapy
Oxygen
Oxygen - chemistry
Oxygen Inhalation Therapy - instrumentation
pre‐hospital
Time Factors
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Summary:Summary The objective was to develop a sodium percarbonate/water/catalyst chemical oxygen generator that did not require compressed gas. Existing devices utilising this reaction have a very short duration of action. Preliminary experiments with a glass reaction vessel, water bath and electronic flowmeter indicated that many factors affected oxygen production rate including reagent formulation, temperature, water volume and agitation frequency. Having undertaken full‐scale experiments using a stainless steel vessel, an optimum combination of reagents was found to be 1 litre water, 0.75 g manganese dioxide catalyst, 60 g sodium percarbonate granules and 800 g of custom pressed 7.21 (0.28) g sodium percarbonate tablets. This combination of granules and slower dissolution tablets produced a rapid initial oxygen flow to ‘purge’ an attached low‐flow breathing system allowing immediate use, followed by a constant flow meeting metabolic requirements for a minimum of 1 h duration.
ISSN:0003-2409
1365-2044
DOI:10.1111/anae.13595