Acral Manifestations of Viral Infections

• Published in: Clinics in dermatology 2017-01, Vol.35 (1), p.40-49
• Main Authors: Adışen, Esra, MD, Asc.Prof, Önder, Meltem, MD, Prof
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Dermatology; Ecthyma, Contagious - complications; Flaviviridae Infections - complications; Foot Dermatoses - virology; Hand Dermatoses - virology; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease - complications; Herpesviridae Infections - complications; HIV Infections - complications; Humans; Molluscum Contagiosum - complications; Parvoviridae Infections - complications; Sheep; Warts - complications
• ISSN: 0738-081X; 1879-1131
• DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.09.006

Abstract Viruses are considered intracellular obligates with a nucleic acid RNA or DNA. They have the ability to encode proteins involved in viral replication and production of the protective coat within the host cells but require host cell ribosomes and mitochondria for translation. The members of the families Herpesviridae, Poxviridae, Papovaviridae, and Picornavirida are the most commonly known agents for cutaneous viral diseases, but other virus families, such as Adenoviridae, Togaviridae, Parvoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Flaviviridae, and Hepadnaviridae can also infect the skin. Herpetic whitlow should be considered under the title of special viral infections of the acral region, where surgical incision is not recommended, and verruca plantaris with its resistance to treatment and the search for a new group of treatments, including HPV vaccines, HIV with maculopapular eruptions, and palmoplantar desquamation; orf and milker's nodule with its nodular lesions; PPGSS with its typical clinical presentation; necrolytic acral erythema with its relationship with zinc; and HFMD for its characteristics of causing infection with its strains with high risk for complication.