Management of pharmaceutical substances in the environment: Lithuanian case study

Investigation on the sources, discharges and related risks for the environment of the pharmaceutical substance (PhS) diclofenac (DCF) was performed in Lithuania, a country of the Baltic Sea region, for the first time. The investigation only refers to DCF as a PhS for human use; emissions from animal...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water science and technology 2016-09, Vol.74 (6), p.1255-1265
Main Authors: Baranauskaitė-Fedorova, Inga, Dvarionienė, Jolanta, Nikiforov, Vladimir A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analgesics
Animal husbandry
Animals
Chromatography
Cities
Diclofenac
Discharge
Drug dosages
Ecological risk assessment
Environment
Environmental assessment
Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental management
Environmental protection
Environmental risk
Humans
Lithuania
Mass spectrometry
Methods
Models, Theoretical
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Pharmaceutical Preparations - chemistry
Pharmaceuticals
Plant introductions
Pollutants
Residues
Risk Assessment
River networks
Scientific imaging
Systems theory
Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods
Waste Water - chemistry
Wastewater treatment
Wastewater treatment plants
Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry
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Summary:Investigation on the sources, discharges and related risks for the environment of the pharmaceutical substance (PhS) diclofenac (DCF) was performed in Lithuania, a country of the Baltic Sea region, for the first time. The investigation only refers to DCF as a PhS for human use; emissions from animal husbandry were not considered. In the first stage of the research, the main sources and pathways of DCF via substance flow analysis were identified within the country. During the second stage, DCF flows along the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in two different cities were measured in order to assess the current levels of pharmaceutical residues in the environment. Furthermore, environmental risk assessment was carried out by taking into account the parameters of consumption data and elimination rate in WWTPs. Then, the assessment of different technical and managerial removal approaches was accomplished in an environmental management model of wastewater containing PhS, based on the framework of environmental systems theory.
ISSN:0273-1223
1996-9732
DOI:10.2166/wst.2016.289