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Biocompatibility and bioactivity of porous polymer-derived Ca-Mg silicate ceramics
[Display omitted] Magnesium is a trace element in the human body, known to have important effects on cell differentiation and the mineralisation of calcified tissues. This study aimed to synthesise highly porous Ca-Mg silicate foamed scaffolds from preceramic polymers, with analysis of their biologi...
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Published in: | Acta biomaterialia 2017-03, Vol.50, p.56-67 |
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Magnesium is a trace element in the human body, known to have important effects on cell differentiation and the mineralisation of calcified tissues. This study aimed to synthesise highly porous Ca-Mg silicate foamed scaffolds from preceramic polymers, with analysis of their biological response. Akermanite (Ak) and wollastonite-diopside (WD) ceramic foams were obtained from the pyrolysis of a liquid silicone mixed with reactive fillers. The porous structure was obtained by controlled water release from selected fillers (magnesium hydroxide and borax) at 350°C. The homogeneous distribution of open pores, with interconnects of modal diameters of 160–180μm was obtained and maintained after firing at 1100°C. Foams, with porosity exceeding 80%, exhibited compressive strength values of 1–2MPa. In vitro studies were conducted by immersion in SBF for 21days, showing suitable dissolution rates, pH and ionic concentrations. Cytotoxicity analysis performed in accordance with ISO10993-5 and ISO10993-12 standards confirmed excellent biocompatibility of both Ak and WD foams. In addition, MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the Mg-containing scaffolds demonstrated enhanced osteogenic differentiation and the expression of osteogenic markers including Collagen Type I, Osteopontin and Osteocalcin, in comparison to Mg-free counterparts. The results suggest that the addition of magnesium can further enhance the bioactivity and the potential for bone regeneration applications of Ca-silicate materials.
Here, we show that the incorporation of Mg in Ca-silicates plays a significant role in the enhancement of the osteogenic differentiation and matrix formation of MC3T3-E1 cells, cultured on polymer-derived highly porous scaffolds. Reduced degradation rates and improved mechanical properties are also observed, compared to Mg-free counterparts, suggesting the great potential of Ca-Mg silicates as bone tissue engineering materials. Excellent biocompatibility of the new materials, in accordance to the ISO10993-5 and ISO10993-12 standard guidelines, confirms the preceramic polymer route as an efficient synthesis methodology for bone scaffolds. The use of hydrated fillers as porogens is an additional novelty feature presented in the manuscript. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.12.043 |
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Magnesium is a trace element in the human body, known to have important effects on cell differentiation and the mineralisation of calcified tissues. This study aimed to synthesise highly porous Ca-Mg silicate foamed scaffolds from preceramic polymers, with analysis of their biological response. Akermanite (Ak) and wollastonite-diopside (WD) ceramic foams were obtained from the pyrolysis of a liquid silicone mixed with reactive fillers. The porous structure was obtained by controlled water release from selected fillers (magnesium hydroxide and borax) at 350°C. The homogeneous distribution of open pores, with interconnects of modal diameters of 160–180μm was obtained and maintained after firing at 1100°C. Foams, with porosity exceeding 80%, exhibited compressive strength values of 1–2MPa. In vitro studies were conducted by immersion in SBF for 21days, showing suitable dissolution rates, pH and ionic concentrations. Cytotoxicity analysis performed in accordance with ISO10993-5 and ISO10993-12 standards confirmed excellent biocompatibility of both Ak and WD foams. In addition, MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the Mg-containing scaffolds demonstrated enhanced osteogenic differentiation and the expression of osteogenic markers including Collagen Type I, Osteopontin and Osteocalcin, in comparison to Mg-free counterparts. The results suggest that the addition of magnesium can further enhance the bioactivity and the potential for bone regeneration applications of Ca-silicate materials.
Here, we show that the incorporation of Mg in Ca-silicates plays a significant role in the enhancement of the osteogenic differentiation and matrix formation of MC3T3-E1 cells, cultured on polymer-derived highly porous scaffolds. Reduced degradation rates and improved mechanical properties are also observed, compared to Mg-free counterparts, suggesting the great potential of Ca-Mg silicates as bone tissue engineering materials. Excellent biocompatibility of the new materials, in accordance to the ISO10993-5 and ISO10993-12 standard guidelines, confirms the preceramic polymer route as an efficient synthesis methodology for bone scaffolds. The use of hydrated fillers as porogens is an additional novelty feature presented in the manuscript.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1742-7061</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1878-7568</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.12.043</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28017870</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Akermanite ; Animals ; Antigens, Differentiation - biosynthesis ; Bioactive ; Biochemistry ; Biocompatibility ; Biological activity ; Biomedical materials ; Bone growth ; Borax ; Ca-Mg silicates ; Calcium Compounds - chemistry ; Calcium Compounds - pharmacology ; Calcium magnesium silicates ; Cell differentiation ; Cell Differentiation - drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival - drug effects ; Ceramic foams ; Ceramics ; Ceramics - chemical synthesis ; Ceramics - chemistry ; Ceramics - pharmacology ; Chemical synthesis ; Collagen (type I) ; Compressive Strength ; Cytotoxicity ; Degradation ; Differentiation (biology) ; Diopside ; Dissolution ; Fillers ; Foams ; Immersion ; In vitro methods and tests ; Interconnections ; Magnesium ; Magnesium hydroxide ; Magnesium Silicates - chemistry ; Magnesium Silicates - pharmacology ; Materials Testing ; Mechanical properties ; Mice ; Mineralization ; Osteocalcin ; Osteopontin ; pH effects ; Plastic foam ; Polymers ; Porosity ; Porous ; Preceramic polymers ; Pyrolysis ; Regeneration ; Regeneration (physiology) ; Silicates ; Silicates - chemistry ; Silicates - pharmacology ; Silicic Acid - chemistry ; Silicic Acid - pharmacology ; Silicones ; Tissue engineering ; Toxicity ; Trace elements ; Wollastonite</subject><ispartof>Acta biomaterialia, 2017-03, Vol.50, p.56-67</ispartof><rights>2016 Acta Materialia Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2016 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier BV Mar 1, 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c502t-c09423031826f66f6f3aa988816956bbe515172746c464087acc0265d59e95c73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c502t-c09423031826f66f6f3aa988816956bbe515172746c464087acc0265d59e95c73</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28017870$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Fiocco, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stevens, M.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bernardo, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jones, J.R.</creatorcontrib><title>Biocompatibility and bioactivity of porous polymer-derived Ca-Mg silicate ceramics</title><title>Acta biomaterialia</title><addtitle>Acta Biomater</addtitle><description>[Display omitted]
Magnesium is a trace element in the human body, known to have important effects on cell differentiation and the mineralisation of calcified tissues. This study aimed to synthesise highly porous Ca-Mg silicate foamed scaffolds from preceramic polymers, with analysis of their biological response. Akermanite (Ak) and wollastonite-diopside (WD) ceramic foams were obtained from the pyrolysis of a liquid silicone mixed with reactive fillers. The porous structure was obtained by controlled water release from selected fillers (magnesium hydroxide and borax) at 350°C. The homogeneous distribution of open pores, with interconnects of modal diameters of 160–180μm was obtained and maintained after firing at 1100°C. Foams, with porosity exceeding 80%, exhibited compressive strength values of 1–2MPa. In vitro studies were conducted by immersion in SBF for 21days, showing suitable dissolution rates, pH and ionic concentrations. Cytotoxicity analysis performed in accordance with ISO10993-5 and ISO10993-12 standards confirmed excellent biocompatibility of both Ak and WD foams. In addition, MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the Mg-containing scaffolds demonstrated enhanced osteogenic differentiation and the expression of osteogenic markers including Collagen Type I, Osteopontin and Osteocalcin, in comparison to Mg-free counterparts. The results suggest that the addition of magnesium can further enhance the bioactivity and the potential for bone regeneration applications of Ca-silicate materials.
Here, we show that the incorporation of Mg in Ca-silicates plays a significant role in the enhancement of the osteogenic differentiation and matrix formation of MC3T3-E1 cells, cultured on polymer-derived highly porous scaffolds. Reduced degradation rates and improved mechanical properties are also observed, compared to Mg-free counterparts, suggesting the great potential of Ca-Mg silicates as bone tissue engineering materials. Excellent biocompatibility of the new materials, in accordance to the ISO10993-5 and ISO10993-12 standard guidelines, confirms the preceramic polymer route as an efficient synthesis methodology for bone scaffolds. The use of hydrated fillers as porogens is an additional novelty feature presented in the manuscript.</description><subject>Akermanite</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antigens, Differentiation - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Bioactive</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biocompatibility</subject><subject>Biological activity</subject><subject>Biomedical materials</subject><subject>Bone growth</subject><subject>Borax</subject><subject>Ca-Mg silicates</subject><subject>Calcium Compounds - chemistry</subject><subject>Calcium Compounds - pharmacology</subject><subject>Calcium magnesium silicates</subject><subject>Cell differentiation</subject><subject>Cell Differentiation - drug effects</subject><subject>Cell Line</subject><subject>Cell Survival - drug effects</subject><subject>Ceramic foams</subject><subject>Ceramics</subject><subject>Ceramics - chemical synthesis</subject><subject>Ceramics - chemistry</subject><subject>Ceramics - pharmacology</subject><subject>Chemical synthesis</subject><subject>Collagen (type I)</subject><subject>Compressive Strength</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity</subject><subject>Degradation</subject><subject>Differentiation (biology)</subject><subject>Diopside</subject><subject>Dissolution</subject><subject>Fillers</subject><subject>Foams</subject><subject>Immersion</subject><subject>In vitro methods and tests</subject><subject>Interconnections</subject><subject>Magnesium</subject><subject>Magnesium hydroxide</subject><subject>Magnesium Silicates - chemistry</subject><subject>Magnesium Silicates - pharmacology</subject><subject>Materials Testing</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mineralization</subject><subject>Osteocalcin</subject><subject>Osteopontin</subject><subject>pH effects</subject><subject>Plastic foam</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Porosity</subject><subject>Porous</subject><subject>Preceramic polymers</subject><subject>Pyrolysis</subject><subject>Regeneration</subject><subject>Regeneration (physiology)</subject><subject>Silicates</subject><subject>Silicates - chemistry</subject><subject>Silicates - pharmacology</subject><subject>Silicic Acid - chemistry</subject><subject>Silicic Acid - pharmacology</subject><subject>Silicones</subject><subject>Tissue engineering</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><subject>Trace elements</subject><subject>Wollastonite</subject><issn>1742-7061</issn><issn>1878-7568</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kE1LJDEQhoMofv8DWRq8eOk2lXQ--rLgDn6BIoieQzpdvWTonoxJz8D8-80wugcPQqBS8NRbxUPIBdAKKMjreWXd1PpQsdxVwCpa8z1yDFrpUgmp9_Nf1axUVMIROUlpTinXwPQhOWKagtKKHpPXPz64MC7t5Fs_-GlT2EVX5Ngc7tfbPvTFMsSwSrkMmxFj2WH0a-yKmS2f_xYpjzk7YeEw2tG7dEYOejskPP-sp-T97vZt9lA-vdw_zm6eSicom0pHm5pxykEz2cv8em5to7UG2QjZtihAgGKqlq6WNdXKOkeZFJ1osBFO8VNytctdxvCxwjSZ0SeHw2AXmM81oAXnggm-RS-_ofOwiot8nYEGJNRcCZGpeke5GFKK2Jtl9KONGwPUbJ2budk5N1vnBpjJzvPYr8_wVTti93_oS3IGfu8AzDbWHqNJzuPCYecjusl0wf-84R-AHpKG</recordid><startdate>20170301</startdate><enddate>20170301</enddate><creator>Fiocco, L.</creator><creator>Li, S.</creator><creator>Stevens, M.M.</creator><creator>Bernardo, E.</creator><creator>Jones, J.R.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20170301</creationdate><title>Biocompatibility and bioactivity of porous polymer-derived Ca-Mg silicate ceramics</title><author>Fiocco, L. ; Li, S. ; Stevens, M.M. ; Bernardo, E. ; Jones, J.R.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c502t-c09423031826f66f6f3aa988816956bbe515172746c464087acc0265d59e95c73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Akermanite</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antigens, Differentiation - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Bioactive</topic><topic>Biochemistry</topic><topic>Biocompatibility</topic><topic>Biological activity</topic><topic>Biomedical materials</topic><topic>Bone growth</topic><topic>Borax</topic><topic>Ca-Mg silicates</topic><topic>Calcium Compounds - chemistry</topic><topic>Calcium Compounds - pharmacology</topic><topic>Calcium magnesium silicates</topic><topic>Cell differentiation</topic><topic>Cell Differentiation - drug effects</topic><topic>Cell Line</topic><topic>Cell Survival - drug effects</topic><topic>Ceramic foams</topic><topic>Ceramics</topic><topic>Ceramics - chemical synthesis</topic><topic>Ceramics - chemistry</topic><topic>Ceramics - pharmacology</topic><topic>Chemical synthesis</topic><topic>Collagen (type I)</topic><topic>Compressive Strength</topic><topic>Cytotoxicity</topic><topic>Degradation</topic><topic>Differentiation (biology)</topic><topic>Diopside</topic><topic>Dissolution</topic><topic>Fillers</topic><topic>Foams</topic><topic>Immersion</topic><topic>In vitro methods and tests</topic><topic>Interconnections</topic><topic>Magnesium</topic><topic>Magnesium hydroxide</topic><topic>Magnesium Silicates - chemistry</topic><topic>Magnesium Silicates - pharmacology</topic><topic>Materials Testing</topic><topic>Mechanical properties</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Mineralization</topic><topic>Osteocalcin</topic><topic>Osteopontin</topic><topic>pH effects</topic><topic>Plastic foam</topic><topic>Polymers</topic><topic>Porosity</topic><topic>Porous</topic><topic>Preceramic polymers</topic><topic>Pyrolysis</topic><topic>Regeneration</topic><topic>Regeneration (physiology)</topic><topic>Silicates</topic><topic>Silicates - chemistry</topic><topic>Silicates - pharmacology</topic><topic>Silicic Acid - chemistry</topic><topic>Silicic Acid - pharmacology</topic><topic>Silicones</topic><topic>Tissue engineering</topic><topic>Toxicity</topic><topic>Trace elements</topic><topic>Wollastonite</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Fiocco, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stevens, M.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bernardo, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jones, J.R.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Copper Technical Reference Library</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Acta biomaterialia</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fiocco, L.</au><au>Li, S.</au><au>Stevens, M.M.</au><au>Bernardo, E.</au><au>Jones, J.R.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Biocompatibility and bioactivity of porous polymer-derived Ca-Mg silicate ceramics</atitle><jtitle>Acta biomaterialia</jtitle><addtitle>Acta Biomater</addtitle><date>2017-03-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>50</volume><spage>56</spage><epage>67</epage><pages>56-67</pages><issn>1742-7061</issn><eissn>1878-7568</eissn><abstract>[Display omitted]
Magnesium is a trace element in the human body, known to have important effects on cell differentiation and the mineralisation of calcified tissues. This study aimed to synthesise highly porous Ca-Mg silicate foamed scaffolds from preceramic polymers, with analysis of their biological response. Akermanite (Ak) and wollastonite-diopside (WD) ceramic foams were obtained from the pyrolysis of a liquid silicone mixed with reactive fillers. The porous structure was obtained by controlled water release from selected fillers (magnesium hydroxide and borax) at 350°C. The homogeneous distribution of open pores, with interconnects of modal diameters of 160–180μm was obtained and maintained after firing at 1100°C. Foams, with porosity exceeding 80%, exhibited compressive strength values of 1–2MPa. In vitro studies were conducted by immersion in SBF for 21days, showing suitable dissolution rates, pH and ionic concentrations. Cytotoxicity analysis performed in accordance with ISO10993-5 and ISO10993-12 standards confirmed excellent biocompatibility of both Ak and WD foams. In addition, MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the Mg-containing scaffolds demonstrated enhanced osteogenic differentiation and the expression of osteogenic markers including Collagen Type I, Osteopontin and Osteocalcin, in comparison to Mg-free counterparts. The results suggest that the addition of magnesium can further enhance the bioactivity and the potential for bone regeneration applications of Ca-silicate materials.
Here, we show that the incorporation of Mg in Ca-silicates plays a significant role in the enhancement of the osteogenic differentiation and matrix formation of MC3T3-E1 cells, cultured on polymer-derived highly porous scaffolds. Reduced degradation rates and improved mechanical properties are also observed, compared to Mg-free counterparts, suggesting the great potential of Ca-Mg silicates as bone tissue engineering materials. Excellent biocompatibility of the new materials, in accordance to the ISO10993-5 and ISO10993-12 standard guidelines, confirms the preceramic polymer route as an efficient synthesis methodology for bone scaffolds. The use of hydrated fillers as porogens is an additional novelty feature presented in the manuscript.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>28017870</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.actbio.2016.12.043</doi><tpages>12</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Akermanite Animals Antigens, Differentiation - biosynthesis Bioactive Biochemistry Biocompatibility Biological activity Biomedical materials Bone growth Borax Ca-Mg silicates Calcium Compounds - chemistry Calcium Compounds - pharmacology Calcium magnesium silicates Cell differentiation Cell Differentiation - drug effects Cell Line Cell Survival - drug effects Ceramic foams Ceramics Ceramics - chemical synthesis Ceramics - chemistry Ceramics - pharmacology Chemical synthesis Collagen (type I) Compressive Strength Cytotoxicity Degradation Differentiation (biology) Diopside Dissolution Fillers Foams Immersion In vitro methods and tests Interconnections Magnesium Magnesium hydroxide Magnesium Silicates - chemistry Magnesium Silicates - pharmacology Materials Testing Mechanical properties Mice Mineralization Osteocalcin Osteopontin pH effects Plastic foam Polymers Porosity Porous Preceramic polymers Pyrolysis Regeneration Regeneration (physiology) Silicates Silicates - chemistry Silicates - pharmacology Silicic Acid - chemistry Silicic Acid - pharmacology Silicones Tissue engineering Toxicity Trace elements Wollastonite |
title | Biocompatibility and bioactivity of porous polymer-derived Ca-Mg silicate ceramics |
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